Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - NF-kappaB Signaling

Phospho-NF-kappaB p105 (Ser933) Blocking Peptide #1021

Description

This peptide is used to block Phospho-NF-kappaB p105 (Ser933) (178F3) Rabbit mAb (IHC Specific) #4808 reactivity.

Quality Control

The quality of the peptide was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC and by mass spectrometry. The peptide blocks Phospho-NF-kappaB p105 (Ser933) (178F3) Rabbit mAb (IHC Specific) #4808 by immunohistochemistry.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using Phospho-NF-kappaB p105 (Ser933) (178F3) Rabbit mAb (IHC Specific) #4808 in the presence of control peptide (left) or Phospho-NF-kappaB p105 (Ser933) Blocking Peptide (right).

Applications

Use as a blocking reagent to evaluate the specificity of antibody reactivity in immunohistochemistry protocols.

Directions for Use

For immunohistochemistry, add twice the volume of peptide as volume of antibody used in 100 μl total volume. Incubate for a minimum of 30 minutes prior to adding the entire volume to the slide. Recommended antibody dilutions can be found on the relevant product data sheet.

Background

Transcription factors of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/Rel family play a pivotal role in inflammatory and immune responses (1,2). There are five family members in mammals: RelA, c-Rel, RelB, NF-κB1 (p105/p50) and NF-κB2 (p100/p52). Both p105 and p100 are proteolytically processed by the proteasome to produce p50 and p52, respectively. Rel proteins bind p50 and p52 to form dimeric complexes that bind DNA and regulate transcription. In unstimulated cells, NF-κB is sequestered in the cytoplasm by IκB inhibitory proteins (3-5). NF-κB-activating agents can induce the phosphorylation of IκB proteins, targeting them for rapid degradation through an ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and releasing NF-κB to enter the nucleus where it regulates gene expression (6-8). NIK and IKKα (IKK1) regulate the phosphorylation and processing of NF-κB2 (p100) to produce p52, which is then translocated to the nucleus (9-11).

  1. Baeuerle, P.A. and Henkel, T. (1994) Annu Rev Immunol 12, 141-79.
  2. Baeuerle, P.A. and Baltimore, D. (1996) Cell 87, 13-20.
  3. Haskill, S. et al. (1991) Cell 65, 1281-9.
  4. Thompson, J.E. et al. (1995) Cell 80, 573-82.
  5. Whiteside, S.T. et al. (1997) EMBO J 16, 1413-26.
  6. Traenckner, E.B. et al. (1995) EMBO J 14, 2876-83.
  7. Scherer, D.C. et al. (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 11259-63.
  8. Chen, Z.J. et al. (1996) Cell 84, 853-62.
  9. Senftleben, U. et al. (2001) Science 293, 1495-9.
  10. Coope, H.J. et al. (2002) EMBO J 21, 5375-85.
  11. Xiao, G. et al. (2001) Mol Cell 7, 401-9.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.

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