Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - PI3K / Akt Signaling

Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) Blocking Peptide #1027

Description

This peptide is used to block Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (36E9) Rabbit mAb #9316 reactivity.

Quality Control

The quality of the peptide was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC and by mass spectrometry. The peptide blocks Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (36E9) Rabbit mAb #9316 by immunohistochemistry.

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (36E9) Rabbit mAb #9316 in the presence of control peptide (left) or Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (36E9) Blocking Peptide (right).

Applications

Use as a blocking reagent to evaluate the specificity of antibody reactivity in immunohistochemistry protocols.

Directions for Use

For immunohistochemistry, add twice the volume of peptide as volume of antibody used in 100 μl total volume. Incubate for a minimum of 30 minutes prior to adding the entire volume to the slide. Recommended antibody dilutions can be found on the product data sheet.

Background

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase. GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (2,3). GSK-3 has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate in Dictyostelium and is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway required for Drosophila, Xenopus, and mammalian development (4). GSK-3 has been shown to regulate cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization (5).

  1. Welsh, G.I. et al. (1996) Trends Cell. Biol. 6, 274-279.
  2. Srivastava, A.K. and Pandey, S.K. (1998) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 182, 135-141.
  3. Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-789.
  4. Nusse, R. (1997) Cell 89, 321-323.
  5. Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 3499-3511.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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