Product Pathways - MAPK Signaling

Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) Blocking Peptide #1215

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Description

This peptide is used to specifically block Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody #9251 reactivity.

Quality Control

The quality of the peptide was evaluated by reversed-phase HPLC and by mass spectrometry. The peptide blocks Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/185) Antibody #9251 signal in immunohistochemistry.

Applications

Use as a blocking reagent to evaluate the specificity of antibody reactivity in immunohistochemistry protocols.

Directions for Use

For Immunohistochemistry, add twice the volume of peptide as volume of antibody used in 100 µl total volume. Incubate for a minimum of 30 minutes prior to adding the entire volume to the slide. Recommended antibody dilutions can be found on the Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody #9251 data sheet.

Background

The stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-amino-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) is potently and preferentially activated by a variety of environmental stresses, including UV and gamma radiation, ceramides, inflammatory cytokines and in some instances, by growth factors and GPCR agonists (1-6). As with the other MAPKs, the core signaling unit is composed of a MAPKKK, typically MEKK1-4, or by one of the mixed lineage kinases (MLKs), which phosphorylate and activate MKK4-7, which then phosphorylate and activate the SAPK/JNK kinase (2). Stress signals are delivered to this cascade by small GTPases of the Rho family (Rac, Rho, cdc42) (3). Both Rac1 and cdc42 mediate the stimulation of MEKKs and MLKs (3). Alternatively, MKK4-7 can be activated by a pathway independent of small GTPases via stimulation of a member of the germinal center kinase (GCK) family (4). There are three SAPK/JNK genes with further diversification resulting from alternative splicing (3). Active SAPK/JNK dimers can translocate to the nucleus to regulate transcription through its effects on c-Jun, ATF-2 and other transcription factors (3,5).

1. Davis, R.J. (1999) Biochem. Soc. Symp. 64, 1-12.
2. Ichijo, H. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6087-6093.
3. Kyriakis, J.M. and Avruch, J. (2001) Physiol. Rev. 81, 807-869.
4. Kyriakis, J.M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 5259-5262.
5. Leppa, S. and Bohmann, D. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6158-6162.
6. Whitmarsh, A.J. and Davis, R.J. (1998) Trends Biochem. Sci. 23, 481-485.

Application References

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Companion Products

• 9251 Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) Antibody

This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.