Product Pathways - MAPK Signaling

p44/42 MAP Kinase Blocking Peptide (#4696 Specific) #1245

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Description

This peptide is used to specifically block p44/42 MAP Kinase (L34F12) Mouse mAb #4696 reactivity.

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Applications

Directions for Use

For immunohistochemistry, add twice the volume of peptide as volume of antibody used in 100 μl total volume. Incubate for a minimum of 30 minutes prior to adding the entire volume to the slide. Recommended antibody dilutions can be found on the product data sheet.

Background

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a widely conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in many cellular programs such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and death. The p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, growth factors, and cytokines (1-3) and is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (4). Upon stimulation, a sequential three-part protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK or MAP2K), and a MAP kinase (MAPK). Multiple p44/42 MAP3Ks have been identified, including members of the Raf family as well as Mos and Tpl2/Cot. MEK1 and MEK2 are the primary MAPKKs in this pathway (5,6). MEK1 and MEK2 activate p44 and p42 through phosphorylation of activation loop residues Thr202/Tyr204 and Thr185/Tyr187, respectively. Several downstream targets of p44/42 have been identified, including p90RSK (7) and the transcription factor Elk-1 (8,9). p44/42 are negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) MAPK phosphatases, known as DUSPs or MKPs (10), along with MEK inhibitors such as U0126 and PD98059.

1. Roux, P.P. and Blenis, J. (2004) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68, 320-44.
2. Baccarini, M. (2005) FEBS Lett 579, 3271-7.
3. Meloche, S. and Pouyssegur, J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3227-39.
4. Roberts, P.J. and Der, C.J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3291-310.
5. Rubinfeld, H. and Seger, R. (2005) Mol Biotechnol 31, 151-74.
6. Murphy, L.O. and Blenis, J. (2006) Trends Biochem Sci 31, 268-75.
7. Dalby, K.N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 1496-505.
8. Marais, R. et al. (1993) Cell 73, 381-93.
9. Kortenjann, M. et al. (1994) Mol Cell Biol 14, 4815-24.
10. Owens, D.M. and Keyse, S.M. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3203-13.

Application References

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Companion Products

• 4696 p44/42 MAP Kinase (L34F12) Mouse mAb
• 8103 SignalSlide™ Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) IHC Controls

This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.