Product Pathways - Apoptosis / Autophagy
Atg12 Antibody (Human Specific) #2010
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W IP IF-IC | H | Endogenous | 16, 53 | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IP=Immunoprecipitation
IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Specificity / Sensitivity
Atg12 Antibody (Human Specific) detects endogenous levels of total free and Atg5 bound Atg12 protein.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human Atg12. Antibodies are purified by peptide affinity chromatography.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Atg12 Antibody (Human Specific).
IF-IC
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HCT-116 cells, untreated (left) or chloroquine-treated (right), using Atg12 Antibody (Human Specific) (green). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5™ (fluorescent DNA dye).
Background
Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes. Formation of the autophagosome involves an ubiquitin-like conjugation system in which Atg12 is covalently bound to Atg5 and targeted to autophagosome vesicles (4-6). This conjugation reaction is mediated by the ubiquitin-E1-like enzyme Atg7 and the E2-like enzyme Atg10 (7,8).
- Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
- Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
- Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
- Mizushima, N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 33889-92.
- Mizushima, N. et al. (1998) Nature 395, 395-8.
- Suzuki, K. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 5971-81.
- Tanida, I. et al. (1999) Mol Biol Cell 10, 1367-79.
- Shintani, T. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 5234-41.
Application References
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This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.
