Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - NF-kappaB Signaling

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α #2169

MW Source Purity
17.3 kDa Human Recombinant Protein expressed in E. coli.

Description

Recombinant human TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) protein is expressed in E. coli, purified, and stored in PBS buffer containing 0.1% BSA. It is supplied as a 100 ?g/ml solution and should be aliquoted and stored at -80C to avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Concentration and Specific Activity

100 µg/ml, 5 x 107 IU/mg

Applications

Recombinant TNFα is used to stimulate TNF receptor signaling.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of HeLa cells stimulated with rhTNF-alpha (10 ng/ml for 5 minutes), using Phospho-IKK-alpha/beta (Ser176/180) (16A6) Rabbit mAb #2697 (upper) and IKK-alpha Antibody #2682 (lower).

Directions for Use

CST recommends using 10-100 ng/ml of rhTNF-alpha for stimulation of TNF-alpha signaling.

Background

TNF-α is an important cytokine produced by numerous cell types including neutrophils, activated lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells. It plays a critical role in inflammatory responses and in apoptosis (1). TNF-α exists as a membrane-anchored and soluble form, both of which show biological activity. Response to TNF-α is mediated through two receptors, TNF-R1, which is widely expressed, and TNF-R2, which is expressed mainly in immune and endothelial cells (2). Antagonists to TNF-α have been validated as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis and other immune disorders (3).

  1. Aggarwal, B.B. (2003) Nat Rev Immunol 3, 745-56.
  2. Locksley, R.M. et al. (2001) Cell 104, 487-501.
  3. Taylor, P.C. et al. (2004) Curr Opin Biotechnol 15, 557-63.

Application References

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