Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling
Smurf1 Antibody #2174
PhosphoSitePlus® protein, site, and accession data: SMURF1 iso3
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W | H | Endogenous | 81 | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.
Protocols
- 2174:
- Western Blotting
Specificity / Sensitivity
Smurf1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Smurf1 protein.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a central region within human Smurf1 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a large family of signaling molecules that regulate a wide range of critical processes including morphogenesis, cell-fate determination, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis (1,2). BMP receptors are members of the TGF-β family of Ser/Thr kinase receptors. Ligand binding induces multimerization, autophosphorylation, and activation of these receptors (3-5). They subsequently phosphorylate Smad1 at Ser463 and Ser465 in the carboxy-terminal motif SSXS, as well as Smad5 and Smad8 at their corresponding sites. These phosphorylated Smads dimerize with the coactivating Smad4 and translocate to the nucleus, where they stimulate transcription of target genes (5).MAP kinases and CDKs 8 and 9 phosphorylate residues in the linker region of Smad1, including Ser206. The phosphorylation of Ser206 recruits Smurf1 to the linker region and leads to the degradation of Smad1 (6). Phosphorylation of this site also promotes Smad1 transcriptional action by recruiting YAP to the linker region (7).
Smurf1, a member of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, selectively interacts with BMP pathway Smad effectors, leading to Smad protein ubiquitination and degradation (6). In addition, Smurf1 interacts with the inhibitor Smad, Smad7, the bone-specific transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1, RhoA and MEKK2 (7-10). Smurf1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vivo (10,11). A related protein, Smurf2, acts more promiscuously, interacting with both BMP and TGF-β pathway Smad proteins (12).
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Application References
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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.