Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling

Smurf1 Antibody #2174

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W H Endogenous 81 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Smurf1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Smurf1 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are prepared by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to a central region within human Smurf1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Westerrn blot analysis of extracts from ACHN, Caki, MCF-7, 786-0 and LN18 cell lines, using Smurf1 Antibody.

Background

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) constitute a large family of signaling molecules that regulate a wide range of critical processes including morphogenesis, cell-fate determination, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (1,2). BMP receptors are members of the TGF-β family of Ser/Thr kinase receptors. Ligand binding induces multimerization, autophosphorylation and activation of these receptors (3-5). They subsequently phosphorylate Smad1 at Ser463 and Ser465 in the carboxy-terminal motif SSXS, as well as Smad5 and Smad8 at their corresponding sites. These phosphorylated Smads dimerize with the coactivating Smad4 and translocate to the nucleus, where they stimulate transcription of target genes (5).

Smurf1, a member of the HECT family of E3 ubiquitin ligases, seletively interacts with Smads of the BMP pathway, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation (6). In addition, Smurf1 has been shown to interact with the inhibitor Smad, Smad7, the bone-specific transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1, RhoA and MEKK2 (7-10) in vivo. Smurf1 negatively regulates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation (10,11). A related protein, Smurf2, acts more promiscuously, interacting with both BMP and TGF-beta Smad proteins (12).

  1. Hogan, B.L. et al. (1996) Genes Dev. 10, 1580-1594.
  2. Hoodless, P.A. et al. (1996) Cell 85, 489-500.
  3. Klemm, J.D. et al. (1998) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 16, 569-592.
  4. Kretzschmar, M. et al. (1997) Genes Dev. 11, 984-995.
  5. Whitman, M. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 2445-2462.
  6. Zhu, H. et al. (1999) Nature 400, 687-693.
  7. Ebisawa, T. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12477-12480.
  8. Zhao, M. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 27939-27944.
  9. Wang, H.R. et al. (2003) Science 302, 1775-1779.
  10. Yamashita, M. et al. (2005) Cell 121, 101-113.
  11. Zhao, M. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 12854-12859.
  12. Zhang, Y. et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 98, 974-979.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.

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