Product Pathways - NF-kappaB Signaling
Toll-like Receptor 1 Antibody #2209
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W IP | H (Mk) | Endogenous | 86 | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Specificity / Sensitivity
Toll-like Receptor 1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total TLR1 protein.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues at the amino terminus of human TLR1. Antibodies were purified by peptide affinity chromatography.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, mock transfected or transfected with human TLR1, using Toll-like Receptor 1 Antibody.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from SR cells using Toll-like Receptor 1 Antibody.
Background
Members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family, named for the closely related Toll receptor in Drosophila, play a pivotal role in innate immune responses (1-3). TLRs recognize conserved motifs found in various pathogens and mediate defense responses. Triggering of the TLR pathway leads to the activation of NF-κB and subsequent regulation of immune and inflammatory genes. The TLRs and members of the IL-1 receptor family share a conserved stretch of approximately 200 amino acids known as the TIR domain. Upon activation, TLRs associate with a number of cytoplasmic adaptor proteins containing TIR domains including MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor), MAL/TIRAP (MyD88-adaptor-like/TIR-associated protein), TRIF (Toll-receptor-associated activator of interferon) and TRAM (Toll-receptor-associated molecule). This association leads to the recruitment and activation of IRAK1 and IRAK4, which form a complex with TRAF6 to activate TAK1 and IKK. Activation of IKK leads to the degradation of IκB that normally maintains NF-κB inactivity by sequestering it in the cytoplasm.
Toll-like receptor expression is highest in peripheral blood leukocytes, monocytes, macrophages, though TLR1 expression may be less restricted than other family members (4,5). TLR1 associates with TLR2 to cooperatively mediate immune responses to bacterial lipoproteins and lead to NF-κB activation (6,7). TLR1 shows highest homology to TLR6, which shares 69% sequence identity (8).
- Akira, S. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 38105-8.
- Beutler, B. (2004) Nature 430, 257-63.
- Dunne, A. and O'Neill, L.A. (2003) Sci STKE 2003, re3.
- Muzio, M. et al. (2000) J Leukoc Biol 67, 450-6.
- Ochoa, M.T. et al. (2003) Immunology 108, 10-5.
- Takeuchi, O. et al. (2002) J Immunol 169, 10-4.
- Sandor, F. et al. (2003) J Cell Biol 162, 1099-110.
- Takeuchi, O. et al. (1999) Gene 231, 59-65.
Application References
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This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.
