Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Apoptosis / Autophagy

Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody #2329

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W H (M) (R) (Mk) Endogenous 43 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PAR-4 when phosphorylated at Thr163 (Thr163 corresponds to human sequence and is equivalent to Thr155 in rat and Thr156 in mouse).

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr163 of human PAR-4 (Thr155 in rat and Thr156 in mouse). Antibodies were purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, untreated or forskolin-treated (30 μM), using Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody (upper) or total PAR-4 Antibody #2328 (lower).

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, untreated or treated with Calyculin A (100 nM, 5 minutes), using Phospho-PAR-4 (Thr163) Antibody (upper) or total PAR-4 Antibody #2328 (lower).

Background

PAR-4 (prostate apoptosis response-4) was identified as a protein that is upregulated in prostate tumor cells undergoing apoptosis (1). Additionally, in parallel studies PAR-4 was found in the yeast two-hybrid system to bind to the Wilms' tumor suppressor protein WT1 and may modulate WT1-medated transcriptional activation (2). PAR-4 contains a leucine zipper domain and a death domain and has been implicated as an effector of apoptosis during tumorigenesis as well as in neurodegenerative disorders (3,4). PAR-4 is widely expressed in normal tissues but can be downregulated in some tumor types. The mechanism of PAR-4 mediated apoptosis regulation appears to be complex and dependent on the cellular context. Studies have indicated roles for PAR-4 in activation of the Fas-FADD-caspase-8 pathway as well as inhibition of the NF-κB pro-survival pathway (5-7). Its activity is likely to depend on the cellular context and post-translational modifications. For instance, phosphorylation of PAR-4 by Akt prevents its nuclear translocation thereby promoting cell surivival (8). In contrast, phoshorylation of rat PAR-4 at T155 by PKA appears to positively regulate its apoptotic activity (9).

  1. Sells, S.F. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell Biol. 17, 3823-3832.
  2. Johnstone, R.W. et al. (1996) Mol. Cell Biol. 16, 6945-6956.
  3. Guo, Q. et al. (1998) Nat. Med. 4, 957-962.
  4. El-Guendy, N. and Rangnekar, V.M. (2003) Exp. Cell Res. 283, 51-66.
  5. Chakraborty, M. et al. (2001) Cancer Res. 61, 7255-7263.
  6. Díaz-Meco, M.T. et al. (1996) Cell 86, 777-786.
  7. Diaz-Meco, M.T. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19606-79612.
  8. Goswami, A. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell 20, 33-44.
  9. Gurumurthy, S. et al. (2005) Mol. Cell Biol. 25, 1146-1161.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.

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