Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Cytoskeletal Signaling

Rac1/2/3 Antibody #2465

Applications Reactivity MW (kDa) Source
W F H M R Mk B 21 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  F=Flow Cytometry
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  B=Bovine
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Rac1/2/3 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Rac1/2/3 proteins. This antibody does not cross-react with other small GTPases.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding Thr138 of human Rac1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from COS, C6, NIH/3T3 and HEK293 cells, using Rac1/2/3 Antibody.

Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometric analysis of Jurkat cells, using Rac1/2/3 Antibody (blue) compared to a nonspecific negative control antibody (red).

Background

Rac and Cdc42 are members of the Rho-GTPase family. In mammals, Rac exists as three isoforms, Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3, which are highly similar in sequence. Rac1 and Cdc42, the most widely studied of this group, are ubiquitously expressed. Rac2 is expressed in cells of hematopoietic origin, and Rac3, while highly expressed in brain, is also found in many other tissues. Rac and Cdc42 play key signaling roles in cytoskeletal reorganization, membrane trafficking, transcriptional regulation, cell growth and development (1). GTP binding stimulates the activity of Rac/Cdc42, and the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP through the protein's intrinsic GTPase activity, rendering it inactive. GTP hydrolysis is aided by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), while exchange of GDP for GTP is facilitated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Another level of regulation is achieved through the binding of RhoGDI, a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor, which retains Rho family GTPases, including Rac and Cdc42, in their inactive GDP-bound state (2,3).

  1. Wennerberg, K. and Der, C.J. (2004) J. Cell Sci. 117, 1301-1312.
  2. Bernards, A. and Settleman, J. (2004) Trends Cell Biol. 14, 377-385.
  3. Rossman, K.L. et al. (2005) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 167-180.

Application References

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