Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Wnt / Hedgehog / Notch

TCF4 (C48H11) Rabbit mAb #2569

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Isotype
W IP ChIP H (M) (R) (C) Endogenous 58, 79 Rabbit IgG

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  ChIP=Chromatin IP
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  C=Chicken
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

TCF4 (C48H11) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total TCF4 protein.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Leu330 of human TCF4.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell types using TCF4 (C48H11) Rabbit mAb.

Chromatin IP

Chromatin IP

Chromatin immunoprecipitations were performed with cross-linked chromatin from 4 x 106 HCT116 cells and either 10 μl of TCF4 (C48H11) Rabbit mAb #2569 or 2 μl of Normal Rabbit IgG #2729 using SimpleChIP™ Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads) #9003. The enriched DNA was quantified by Real-Time PCR using primers specific for the CAMK2D and c-MYC genes, and the heterochromatic α Satellite repeat element. The amount of immunoprecipitated DNA in each sample is represented as signal relative to the total amount of input chromatin, which is equivalent to one.

Background

LEF1 and TCF are members of the high mobility group (HMG) DNA binding protein family of transcription factors which consists of the following: Lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1), T Cell Factor 1 (TCF1), TCF3 and TCF4 (1). LEF1 and TCF1 were originally identified as important factors regulating early lymphoid development (2) that act downstream in Wnt signaling. LEF1 and TCF bind to Wnt response elements to provide docking sites for β-catenin, which translocates to the nucleus to promote the transcription of target genes upon activation of Wnt signaling (3). LEF1 and TCF proteins are dynamically expressed during development and aberrant activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is involved in many types of cancers including colon cancer (4,5).

TCF4, also known as TCF7L2, is expressed widely during development. Gene targeting studies indicate that TCF4 is required to maintain the crypt stem cells of the small intestine (6,7). TCF4 has several splicing isoforms that are expressed differentially in tissues and during cancer progression (8,9). Studies also indicate that a variant of the TCF4 gene confers an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (10).

  1. Waterman, M.L. (2004) Cancer Metastasis Rev. 23, 41-52.
  2. Schilham, M.W. and Clevers, H. (1998) Semin. Immunol. 10, 127-132.
  3. Brantjes, H. et al. (2002) Biol. Chem. 383, 255-261.
  4. Reya, T. and Clevers, H. (2005) Nature 434, 843-850.
  5. Logan, C.Y. and Nusse, R. (2004) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20, 781-810.
  6. Cho, E.A. and Dressler, G.R. (1998) Mech. Dev. 77, 9-18.
  7. Korinek, V. et al. (1998) Nat. Genet. 19, 379-383.
  8. Howng, S.L. et al. (2004) Int. J. Oncol. 25, 1685-1692.
  9. Shiina, H. et al. (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 2121-2132.
  10. Grant, S.F. et al. (2006) Nat. Genet. 38, 320-323.

Application References

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This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.

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