Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Chromatin Regulation

Histone H4 Antibody #2592

Applications Reactivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP IHC-P H M R Mk Y (Dr) 11 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  Y=Yeast  Dr=Drosophila
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Histone H4 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total histone H4 protein. The antibody does not cross-react with other histones.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) derived from the amino-terminal sequence of human histone H4. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell types using Histone H4 Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, showing nuclear localization, using Histone H4 Antibody.

IC-ABC

IC-ABC

Immunocytochemical analysis of NIH/3T3 cells, using Histone H4 Antibody (left) or the same antibody preincubated with histone H4 specific peptide (right).


Background

Modulation of chromatin structure plays an important role in the regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. The nucleosome, made up of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), is the primary building block of chromatin (1). The amino-terminal tails of core histones undergo various post-translational modifications, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitination (2-5). These modifications occur in response to various stimuli and have a direct effect on the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors and, therefore, on gene expression (6). In most species, histone H2B is primarily acetylated at Lys5, 12, 15 and 20 (4,7). Histone H3 is primarily acetylated at Lys9, 14, 18 and 23 (2,3). Acetylation of H3 at Lys9 appears to have a dominant role in histone deposition and chromatin assembly in some organisms (2,3). Phosphorylation at Ser10, Ser28 and Thr11 of histone H3 is tightly correlated with chromosome condensation during both mitosis and meiosis (8-10). Phosphorylation of Thr3 of histone H3 is highly conserved among many species and is catalyzed by the kinase haspin. Immunostaining with phospho-specific antibodies in mammalian cells reveals mitotic phosphorylation of H3 Thr3 in prophase and its dephosphorylation during anaphase (11).

  1. Workman, J.L. and Kingston, R.E. (1998) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 545-579.
  2. Hansen, J.C. et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 17637-17641.
  3. Strahl, B.D. and Allis, C.D. (2000) Nature 403, 41-45.
  4. Cheung, P. et al. (2000) Cell 103, 263-271.
  5. Bernstein, B.E. and Schreiber, S.L. (2002) Chem. Biol. 9, 1167-1173.
  6. Jaskelioff, M. and Peterson, C.L. (2003) Nat. Cell Biol. 5, 395-399.
  7. Thorne, A.W. et al. (1990) Eur. J. Biochem. 193, 701-713.
  8. Hendzel, M.J. et al. (1997) Chromosoma 106, 348-360.
  9. Goto, H. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 25543-25549.
  10. Preuss, U. et al. (2003) Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 878-885.
  11. Dai, J. et al. (2005) Genes Dev. 19, 472-488.

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