Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Cytoskeletal Signaling

Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody #2601

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W H M GP (R) Endogenous 61 to 67 (PAK2), 68 to 74 (PAK1/3) Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  GP=Guinea Pig
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody detects endogenous PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3 only when phosphorylated at Thr423, Thr402 and Thr421, respectively. The antibody does not cross-react with phosphorylated PAK4, PAK5 or PAK6. The antibody does cross-react with phospho-Mst1 (Thr183) or phospho-Mst2 (Thr180).

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phospho-peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding Thr423 of human PAK1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from guinea pig neutrophils stimulated with 1 µM fMLP for indicated times, using Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody (Provided by Drs. Qian Zhan and John Badwey, Dept. of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts.)

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells treated with 0.4 M sorbitol for indicted times, using Phospho-PAK1 (Thr423)/PAK2 (Thr402) Antibody (upper) or PAK2 antibody (lower).

Background

The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of serine/threonine kinases is engaged in multiple cellular processes, including cytoskeletal reorganization, MAPK signaling, apoptotic signaling, control of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and growth factor-induced neurite outgrowth (1,2). Several mechanisms that induce PAK activity have been reported. Binding of Rac/cdc42 to the CRIB (or PBD) domain near the amino terminus of PAK causes autophosphorylation and conformational changes in PAK (1). Phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr423 by PDK induces activation of PAK1 (3). Several autophosphorylation sites have been identified, including serines 199 and 204 of PAK1 and serines 192 and 197 of PAK2 (4,5). Because the autophosphorylation sites are located in the amino-terminal inhibitory domain, it has been hypothesized that modification in this region prevents the kinase from reverting to an inactive conformation (6). Research indicates that phosphorylation of Ser144 of PAK1 or Ser139 of PAK3 (located in the kinase inhibitory domain) affects kinase activity (7). Phosphorylation of Ser21 of PAK1 or Ser20 of PAK2 regulates binding with the adaptor protein Nck (8). More recently identified family members including PAK4, PAK5 and PAK6 have lower sequence similarity with PAK1-3 in the amino-terminal regulatory region (9). Phosphorylation of Ser474 of PAK4, a site analogous to Thr423 of PAK1, may play a pivotal role in regulating the activity and function of PAK4 (10).

  1. Knaus, U.G. and Bokoch, G.M. (1998) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 30, 857-862.
  2. Daniels, R.H. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 754-764.
  3. King, C.C. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 41201-41209.
  4. Manser, E. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 1129-1143.
  5. Gatti, A. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8022-8028.
  6. Lei, M. et al. (2000) Cell 102, 387-397.
  7. Chong, C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 17347-17353.
  8. Zhao, Z. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 3906-3917.
  9. Abo, A. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 6527-6540.
  10. Qu, J. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 3523-3533.

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This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.

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