Product Pathways - Chromatin Regulation
HP1α (C7F11) Rabbit mAb #2623
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Isotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W IP IHC-P IF-IC | H M R Mk | Endogenous | 25 | Rabbit IgG |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IP=Immunoprecipitation
IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Specificity / Sensitivity
HP1 α (C7F11) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total HP1 α protein. The antibody does not cross-react with HP1 β or HP1 γ proteins.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) derived from the carboxy terminus of human HP1 α.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa, NIH/3T3, C6 and COS cells using HP1 α (C7F11) Rabbit mAb.
IHC-P (paraffin)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, showing nuclear localization using HP1 α (C7F11) Rabbit mAb.
IHC-P (paraffin)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using HP1 α (C7F11) Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or HP1 alpha blocking peptide #1004 (right).
Background
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a family of heterochromatic adaptor molecules involved in both gene silencing and higher order chromatin structure (1). All three HP1 family members (α, β and γ) are primarily associated with centromeric heterochromatin; however, HP1β and γ also localize to euchromatic sites in the genome (2,3). HP1 proteins are approximately 25 kDa in size and each contains a conserved amino-terminal chromodomain, followed by a variable hinge region and a conserved carboxy-terminal chromoshadow domain. The chromodomain facilitates binding to histone H3 tri-methylated on Lys9, a histone "mark" closely associated with centromeric heterochromatin (4,5). The variable hinge region binds both RNA and DNA in a sequence-independent manner (6). The chromoshadow domain mediates the dimerization of HP1 proteins, in addition to binding multiple proteins implicated in gene silencing and heterochromatin formation, including the SUV39H histone methyltransferase, the DNMT1 and DNMT3a DNA methyltransferases and the p150 subunit of chromatin-assembly factor-1 (CAF1) (7-9). In addition to contributing to heterochromatin formation and propagation, HP1 and SUV39H are also found complexed with retinoblastoma (Rb) and E2F6 proteins, both of which function to repress euchromatic gene transcription in quiescent cells (10,11). HP1 proteins are subject to multiple types of post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination and sumoylation, suggesting multiple means of regulation (12-14).
- Maison, C. and Almouzni, G. (2004) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5, 296-304.
- Minc, E. et al. (2000) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 90, 279-284.
- Nielsen, A.L. et al. (2001) Mol. Cell 7, 729-739.
- Lachner, M. et al. (2001) Nature 410, 116-120.
- Bannister, A.J. et al. (2001) Nature 410, 120-124.
- Muchardt, C. et al. (2002) EMBO Rep. 3, 975-981.
- Yamamoto, K. and Sonoda, M. (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301, 287-292.
- Fuks, F. et al. (2003) Nucleic Acids Res. 31, 2305-2312.
- Murzina, N. et al. (1999) Mol. Cell 4, 529-540.
- Nielsen, S.J. et al. (2001) Nature 412, 561-565.
- Ogawa, H. et al. (2002) Science 296, 1132-1136.
- Minc, E. et al. (1999) Chromosoma 108, 220-234.
- Zhao, T. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 9512-9518.
- Lomberk, G. et al. (2006) Nat. Cell Biol. 8, 407-415.
Application References
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This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.