Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - NF-kB Signaling

IKKε (D20G4) Rabbit mAb #2905

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Isotype
W IP H (Mk) Endogenous 80 Rabbit IgG

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

IKKε (D20G4) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total IKK-epsilon protein. This antibody does not cross-react with other IKKs or with TBK1/NAK.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Val345 of human IKK-epsilon.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of recombinant GST-IKKε #7553 and lysates from Ramos and RL7 cells using IKKε (D20G4) Rabbit mAb.

Background

The NF-κB/Rel transcription factors are present in the cytosol in an inactive state, complexed with the inhibitory IκB proteins (1-3). Most agents that activate NF-κB do so through a common pathway based on phosphorylation-induced, proteasome-mediated degradation of IκB (3-7). The key regulatory step in this pathway involves activation of a high molecular weight IκB kinase (IKK) complex whose catalysis is generally carried out by three tightly associated IKK subunits. IKKα and IKKβ serve as the catalytic subunits of the kinase and IKKγ serves as the regulatory subunit (8,9). Activation of IKK depends upon phosphorylation at Ser177 and Ser181 in the activation loop of IKKβ (Ser176 and Ser180 in IKKα), which causes conformational changes, resulting in kinase activation (10-13).

Recently, two homologs of IKKα and IKKβ have been described, called IKKε (also known as IKK-i) and TBK-1 (also known as T2K or NAK), and activation of either of these kinases results in NF-κB activation. IKKε contains the kinase domain in its amino terminus, which shares 30% identity to that of IKKα or IKKβ. IKKε is expressed mainly in immune cells, and may play a special role in the immune response (14-18).

  1. Baeuerle, P.A. and Baltimore, D. (1988) Science 242, 540-6.
  2. Beg, A.A. and Baldwin, A.S. (1993) Genes Dev 7, 2064-70.
  3. Finco, T.S. et al. (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 11884-8.
  4. Brown, K. et al. (1995) Science 267, 1485-8.
  5. Brockman, J.A. et al. (1995) Mol Cell Biol 15, 2809-18.
  6. Traenckner, E.B. et al. (1995) EMBO J 14, 2876-83.
  7. Chen, Z.J. et al. (1996) Cell 84, 853-62.
  8. Zandi, E. et al. (1997) Cell 91, 243-52.
  9. Karin, M. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6867-74.
  10. DiDonato, J.A. et al. (1997) Nature 388, 548-54.
  11. Mercurio, F. et al. (1997) Science 278, 860-6.
  12. Johnson, L.N. et al. (1996) Cell 85, 149-58.
  13. Delhase, M. et al. (1999) Science 284, 309-13.
  14. Shimada, T. et al. (1999) Int Immunol 11, 1357-62.
  15. Peters, R.T. et al. (2000) Mol Cell 5, 513-22.
  16. Tojima, Y. et al. (2000) Nature 404, 778-82.
  17. Bonnard, M. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 4976-85.
  18. Peters, R.T. and Maniatis, T. (2001) Biochim Biophys Acta 1471, M57-62.

Application References

Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!

Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

Products