Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Adhesion

Phospho-Catenin δ-1 (Tyr228) Antibody #2911

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IF-IC H Endogenous 95, 100 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-Catenin δ-1 (Tyr228) Antibody detects endogenous levels of catenin δ-1 protein only when phosphorylated at Tyr228. The antibody might cross react with another overexpressed phospho-tyrosine protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with synthetic phosphopeptides corresponding to residues surrounding Tyr228 of human/mouse catenin δ-1. Antibodies are purified by peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from A431 cells, serum-starved overnight and then either left untreated or treated with EGF for 15 minutes, using Phospho-Catenin δ-1 (Tyr228) Antibody (upper) and Catenin δ-1 Antibody #4989 as a loading control (lower).

IF-IC

IF-IC

Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of A431 cells, serum-starved (left) or EGF-treated (right), using Phospho-Catenin δ-1 (Tyr228) Antibody (green). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5™ (fluorescent DNA dye).

Background

Catenin δ-1 (p120 catenin) has an amino-terminal coiled-coil domain followed by a regulatory domain containing multiple phosphorylation sites and a central Armadillo repeat domain of ten linked 42-amino acid repeats. The carboxy-terminal tail has no known function (1). Catenin δ-1 fulfills critical roles in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion as it regulates E-cadherin turnover at the cell surface to determine the level of E-cadherin available for cell-cell adhesion (2). Catenin δ-1 has both positive and negative effects on cadherin-mediated adhesion (3). Actin dynamics are also regulated by catenin δ-1, which modulates RhoA, Rac, and cdc42 proteins (1). Analogous to β-catenin, catenin δ-1 translocates to the nucleus, although its role at this location is unclear. Many studies show that catenin δ-1 is expressed irregularly or is absent in various types of tumor cells, suggesting that catenin δ-1 may function as a tumor suppressor (4).

Catenin δ-1 is phosphorylated at multiple tyrosine sites along its sequence both in vivo and in vitro (5). High levels of catenin δ-1 phosphorylated at Tyr228 are commonly seen in several carcinoma cell lines. EGFR signaling induces catenin δ-1 phosphorylation at Tyr228, with the phosphorylated protein becoming localized at adherens junctions although phosphorylation is not essential in junction formation (6).

  1. Reynolds, A.B. and Roczniak-Ferguson, A. (2004) Oncogene 23, 7947-7956.
  2. Davis, M. A. et al. (2003) J. Cell Biol. 163, 525-534.
  3. Thoreson, M.A. and Reynolds, A.B. (2002) Differentiation 70, 583-589.
  4. Anastasiadis, P.Z. and Reynolds, A.B. (2000) J. Cell Sci. 113, 1319-1334.
  5. Mariner, D.J. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 28006-28013.
  6. Mariner, D.J. et al. (2004) J. Cell Sci. 117, 1339-1350.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.

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