Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling

Smad2/3 Antibody #3102

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H M R Endogenous 52, 60 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Smad2 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Smad2/3 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues in the amino-terminal region of Smad2/3. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, C6 and 293 cells, using Smad2/3 Antibody.

Background

Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmits TGF-β signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which include Smad1, 2, 3, 5 and 8, the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4, and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7 (1-5). Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-Smads and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy-terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-Smad dissociates from the receptor and forms a heteromeric complex with the co-Smad (Smad4), allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses (6-8).

Following stimulation by TGF-β, Smad2 and Smad3 become phosphorylated at their carboxyl termini (Ser465 and 467 on Smad2; Ser423 and 425 on Smad3) by TGF-β Receptor I. Phosphorylated Smad 2/3 can complex with Smad4, translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression (9-11).

  1. Heldin, C.H. et al. (1997) Nature 390, 465-471.
  2. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1998) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10, 188-194.
  3. Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-740.
  4. Massague, J. (1998) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 753-791.
  5. Whitman, M. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 2445-2462.
  6. Wrana, J. (2000) Science 23, 1-9.
  7. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J. (2002) Science 296, 1646-1647.
  8. Moustakas, A. et al. (2001) J. Cell Sci. 114, 4359-4369.
  9. Abdollah, S. et al. (1997) J Biol Chem 272, 27678-85.
  10. Souchelnytskyi, S. et al. (1997) J Biol Chem 272, 28107-15.
  11. Liu, X. et al. (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 10669-74.

Application References

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This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.

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