Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Apoptosis

Atg3 Antibody #3415

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W H M R Mk (C) (X) (B) (Dg) Endogenous 40 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  C=Chicken  X=Xenopus  B=Bovine  Dg=Dog
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Atg3 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Atg3 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of Atg3. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Atg3 Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, mock transfected or transfected with mouse Atg3, using Atg3 Antibody.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related genes (Atg). Formation of the autophagic vesicles involves two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems, Atg12-Atg5 and Atg8-phosphatidylethanolamine (Atg8-PE), which are essential for autophagy and widely conserved in eukaryotes (2). There are at least three Atg8 homologs in mammalian cells, GATE-16, GABARAP, and LC3, that are conjugated by lipids (3,4). Lipid conjugation of Atg8 and its mammalian homologs requires Atg3 (Apg3p/Aut1p in yeast), an ubiquitously expressed E2-like enzyme (5-7). Following C-terminal cleavage by the cysteine protease Atg4, the exposed glycine residue of Atg8 binds to the E1-like enzyme Atg7, is transferred to Atg3, and then conjugated to phophatidylethanolamine. Atg3-deficient mice die within 1 day after birth and are completely defective for the conjugation of Atg8 homlogs and autophagome formation (8).

  1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
  2. Ohsumi, Y. (2001) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2, 211-6.
  3. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2000) EMBO J 19, 5720-8.
  4. Kabeya, Y. et al. (2004) J Cell Sci 117, 2805-12.
  5. Tanida, I. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 13739-44.
  6. Ichimura, Y. et al. (2000) Nature 408, 488-92.
  7. Schlumpberger, M. et al. (1997) J Bacteriol 179, 1068-76.
  8. Sou, Y.S. et al. (2008) Mol Biol Cell 19, 4762-75.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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