Cell Signaling Technology
XP Monoclonal Antibody

Product Pathways - Ca / cAMP / Lipid Signaling

TGM2 (D11A6) XP® Rabbit mAb #3557

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Isotype
W IHC-P IF-IC H M R Mk Endogenous 78 Rabbit IgG

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

TGM2 (D11A6) XP® Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total TGM2 protein.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Lys598 of human TGM2.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using TGM2 (D11A6) XP® Rabbit mAb.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma using TGM2 (D11A6) XP® Rabbit mAb.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human placenta using TGM2 (D11A6) XP® Rabbit mAb.


IF-IC

IF-IC

Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells using TGM2 (D11A6) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).

Background

Transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that cross-links both cytosolic and extracellular matrix proteins by catalyzing the formation of bonds between lysine and glutamine residues (1). This bifunctional enzyme also has intrinsic GTPase activity, and it has been suggested that regulation of the transamidase activity might be regulated through a G-protein coupled receptor-signaling pathway (2). In cross-linking peptides, TGM2 helps to regulate cytoskeletal structure, cell migration, apoptosis and cell-matrix adhesion. In addition, the enzyme plays an important role in wound healing and the immune response (3). TGM2 has exhibited kinase activity in vitro, with insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as one possible substrate (4). This widely expressed protein is localized to the cytosol and nucleus, but has also been isolated from the cell surface and extracellular matrix (reviewed in 5). Because of its interaction with a number of different substrates, and its role in the response to injury, TGM2 has been associated with the pathology of a number of human disorders. It has long been recognized as the major autoantigen in celiac disease (6); altered TGM2 expression or activity may be associated with Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, and numerous forms of cancer (reviewed in 7).

  1. Griffin, M. et al. (2002) Biochem J 368, 377-96.
  2. Jeon, J.H. et al. (2002) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 294, 818-22.
  3. Fesus, L. and Piacentini, M. (2002) Trends Biochem Sci 27, 534-9.
  4. Mishra, S. and Murphy, L.J. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 23863-8.
  5. Robinson, N.J. et al. (2007) Biol Reprod 77, 648-57.
  6. Dieterich, W. et al. (1997) Nat Med 3, 797-801.
  7. Facchiano, F. et al. (2006) Front Biosci 11, 1758-73.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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