Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling

TGF-β (56E4) Rabbit mAb #3709

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Isotype
W H (M) (R) (Pg) Endogenous 12, 45-60 Rabbit IgG

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Pg=Pig
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

TGF-β Antibody detects recombinant TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 proteins. The antibody also detects endogenous levels of the TGF-β precursor proteins.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region in the carboxy terminus of TGF-β1 protein.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of recombinant active TGF-β1 using TGF-β (56E4) Rabbit mAb.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa cells, mock transfected or transfected with TGF-β1 precursor, using TGF-β (56E4) Rabbit mAb.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from K-562, Saos-2 and 786-0 cells using TGF-β (56E4) Rabbit mAb.


Background

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation, developmental patterning and morphogenesis, and disease pathogenesis (1-4). TGF-β elicits signaling through three cell surface receptors: type I (RI), type II (RII), and type III (RIII). Type I and type II receptors are serine/threonine kinases that form a heteromeric complex. In response to ligand binding, the type II receptors form a stable complex with the type I receptors allowing phosphorylation and activation of type I receptor kinases (5). The type III receptor, also known as betaglycan, is a transmembrane proteoglycan with a large extracellular domain that binds TGF-β with high affinity but lacks a cytoplasmic signaling domain (6,7). Expression of the type III receptor can regulate TGF-β signaling through presentation of the ligand to the signaling complex. The only known direct TGF-β signaling effectors are the Smad family proteins, which transduce signals from the cell surface directly to the nucleus to regulate target gene transcription (8,9).

Three isoforms of TGF-β, designated TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3, are encoded by distinct genes and are expressed in a tissue specific manner (10). Each isoform is synthesized as a larger precursor protein containing a propeptide region that is removed prior to secretion. Mature TGF-β contains two polypeptides linked by disulfide bonds to form a protein of approximately 25 kDa.

  1. Massague, J. et al. (2000) Cell 103, 295-309.
  2. Caestecker, M.P. et al. (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 1388-1402.
  3. Derynck, R. et al. (2001) Nature Genet. 29, 117-129.
  4. Miyazono, K. et al. (2000) Adv. Immunol. 75, 115-157.
  5. Derynck, R. et al. (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1333, F105-150.
  6. López-Casillas, F. et al. (1991) Cell 67, 785-795.
  7. Wang, X.F. et al. (1991) Cell 67, 797-805.
  8. Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-740.
  9. Massague, J. et al. (2000) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 1, 169-178.
  10. Kingsley, D.M. (1994) Genes Dev. 8, 133-46.

Application References

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Companion Products

Rabbit Monoclonals Produced Using Epitomics® Technology, U.S. Patent No. 5,675,063.

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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