Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling

TGF-β Antibody #3711

Applications Reactivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H M R 12, 25, 45 to 65 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

TGF-beta Antibody detects recombinant TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3. The antibody also detects endogenous levels of the TGF-beta precursor proteins.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are prepared by immunizing rabbits with synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to a region in the carboxy terminus of TGF-beta1. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of recombinant human TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3, using TGF-beta Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from K562, 293 and Raji cells, using TGF-beta Antibody.

Background

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical regulators of cell proliferation and differentiation, developmental patterning and morphogenesis, and disease pathogenesis (1-4). TGF-β elicits signaling through three cell surface receptors: type I (RI), type II (RII) and type III (RIII). Type I and type II receptors are serine/threonine kinases that form a heteromeric complex. In response to ligand binding, the type II receptors form a stable complex with the type I receptors allowing phosphorylation and activation of type I receptor kinases (5). The type III receptor, also known as betaglycan, is a transmembrane proteoglycan with a large extracellular domain that binds TGF-β with high affinity but lacks a cytoplasmic signaling domain (6,7). Expression of the type III receptor can regulate TGF-β signaling through presentation of the ligand to the signaling complex. The only known direct TGF-β signaling effectors are the Smad family proteins, which transduce signals from the cell surface directly to the nucleus to regulate target gene transcription (8,9).

There are three isoforms of TGF-beta designated TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3, which are encoded by distinct genes and are expressed in a tissue specific manner (10). Each of the isoforms are synthesized as larger precursor proteins containing a propeptide region which gets cleaved prior to secretion from the cell. Mature TGF-beta contains two polypeptides linked linked by disulfide bonds forming a protein of about 25 kDa.

  1. Massague, J. et al. (2000) Cell 103, 295-309.
  2. Caestecker, M.P. et al. (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 92, 1388-1402.
  3. Derynck, R. et al. (2001) Nature Genet. 29, 117-129.
  4. Miyazono, K. et al. (2000) Adv. Immunol. 75, 115-157.
  5. Derynck, R. et al. (1997) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1333, F105-150.
  6. Lopez-Casillas, F. et al. (1991) Cell 67, 785-795.
  7. Wang, X.F. et al. (1991) Cell 67, 797-805.
  8. Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-740.
  9. Massague, J. et al. (2000) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 1, 169-178.
  10. Kingsley, D. M. et al. (1994) Genes Dev. 8, 133-146.

Application References

Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!

Companion Products

Product Pathways

Drug Discovery Tools

Featured Technologies

Protein Classes