Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Tyrosine Kinase / Adaptors

β-Arrestin 2 (C16D9) Rabbit mAb #3857

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Isotype
W IHC-P H M R Mk Endogenous 50 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

β-Arrestin 2 (C16D9) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of total β-arrestin 2 protein. It does not recognize transfected human β-arrestin 1.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant human β-arrestin 2.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using β-Arrestin 2 (C16D9) Rabbit mAb.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human melanoma using β-Arrestin 2 (C16D9) Rabbit mAb.

Background

Arrestin proteins function as negative regulators of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Cognate ligand binding stimulates GPCR phosphorylation, which is followed by binding of arrestin to the phosphorylated GPCR and the eventual internalization of the receptor and desensitization of GPCR signaling (1). Four distinct mammalian arrestin proteins are known. Arrestin 1 (also known as S-arrestin) and arrestin 4 (X-arrestin) are localized to retinal rods and cones, respectively. Arrestin 2 (also known as β-arrestin 1) and arrestin 3 (β-arrestin 2) are ubiquitously expressed and bind to most GPCRs (2). β-arrestins function as adaptor and scaffold proteins and play important roles in other processes, such as recruiting c-Src family proteins to GPCRs in Erk activation pathways (3,4). β-arrestins are also involved in some receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways (5-8). Additional evidence suggests that β-arrestins translocate to the nucleus and help regulate transcription by binding transcriptional cofactors (9,10).

  1. Shenoy, S.K. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (2005) Sci STKE 2005, cm10.
  2. Lefkowitz, R.J. and Shenoy, S.K. (2005) Science 308, 512-7.
  3. Luttrell, L.M. et al. (1999) Science 283, 655-61.
  4. Luttrell, L.M. et al. (1999) Curr Opin Cell Biol 11, 177-83.
  5. Luttrell, L.M. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (2002) J Cell Sci 115, 455-65.
  6. Waters, C. et al. (2004) Semin Cell Dev Biol 15, 309-23.
  7. Lefkowitz, R.J. and Whalen, E.J. (2004) Curr Opin Cell Biol 16, 162-8.
  8. Waters, C.M. et al. (2005) Cell Signal 17, 263-77.
  9. Kang, J. et al. (2005) Cell 123, 833-47.
  10. Ma, L. and Pei, G. (2007) J Cell Sci 120, 213-8.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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