Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Apoptosis

Phospho-Mcl-1 (Ser159/Thr163) Antibody #4579

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H Endogenous 42 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-Mcl-1 (Ser159/Thr163) Antibody detects endogenous levels of human Mcl-1 only when phosphorylated at either Ser159 or Thr163. It also recognizes transfected levels of phosphorylated mouse Mcl-1.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding human Ser159/Thr163. Antibodies were purified by peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells transfected with human Mcl-1, untreated or treated with λ-phosphatase, using Phospho-Mcl-1 (Ser159/Thr163) Antibody (upper) or with total Mcl-1 Antibody #4572 (lower).

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from H929 cells, untreated or treated with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 for 2 hrs, using Phospho-Mcl-1 (Ser159/Thr163) Antibody (upper) or total Mcl-1 Antibody #4572 (lower).

Background

Mcl-1 is an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family originally isolated from the ML-1 human myeloid leukemia cell line during phorbol ester-induced differentiation along the monocyte/macrophage pathway (1). Similar to other Bcl-2 family members, Mcl-1 localizes to the mitochondria (2), interacts with and antagonizes pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (3), and inhibits apoptosis induced by a number of cytotoxic stimuli (4). Mcl-1 differs from its other family members in its regulation at both the transcriptional and post-translational level. First, Mcl-1 has an extended amino-terminal PEST region, which is responsible for its relatively short half-life (1,2). Second, unlike other family members, Mcl-1 is rapidly transcribed via a PI3K/Akt dependent pathway, resulting in its increased expression during myeloid differentiation and cytokine stimulation (1,5-7). Mcl-1 is phosphorylated in response to treatment with phorbol ester, microtubule-damaging agents, oxidative stress, and cytokine withdrawal (8-11). Phosphorylation at Thr163, the conserved MAP kinase/ERK site located within the PEST region, slows Mcl-1 protein turnover (10) but may prime the GSK-3 mediated phosphorylation at Ser159 that leads to Mcl-1 destabilization (11). Mcl-1 deficiency in mice results in peri-implantation lethality (12). In addition, conditional disruption of the corresponding mcl-1 gene shows that Mcl-1 plays an important role in early lymphoid development and in the maintenance of mature lymphocytes (13).

  1. Kozopas, K.M. et al. (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90, 3516-20.
  2. Yang, T. et al. (1995) J Cell Biol 128, 1173-84.
  3. Sato, T. et al. (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 9238-42.
  4. Zhou, P. et al. (1997) Blood 89, 630-43.
  5. Wang, J.M. et al. (1999) Mol Cell Biol 19, 6195-206.
  6. Jourdan, M. et al. (2003) Oncogene 22, 2950-9.
  7. Chao, J.R. et al. (1998) Mol Cell Biol 18, 4883-98.
  8. Domina, A.M. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 21688-94.
  9. Inoshita, S. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 43730-4.
  10. Domina, A.M. et al. (2004) Oncogene 23, 5301-15.
  11. Maurer, U. et al. (2006) Mol Cell 21, 749-60.
  12. Rinkenberger, J.L. et al. (2000) Genes Dev 14, 23-7.
  13. Opferman, J.T. et al. (2003) Nature 426, 671-6.

Application References

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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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