Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Apoptosis / Autophagy

AIF Antibody #4642

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP IHC-P IF-IC H M R Endogenous 57, 67 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

AIF Antibody detects endogenous levels of total AIF protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues within the carboxy terminus of AIF. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from human (Jurkat), mouse (NIH/3T3), and rat (NBT-II) cell lines, using AIF Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using AIF Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma, using AIF Antibody.


IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, using AIF Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human prostate carcinoma, showing perinuclear and cytoplasmic localization, using AIF Antibody.

IF-IC

IF-IC

Confocal immunofluorescent images of HeLa cells labeled with AIF Antibody (green) showing colocalization with mitochondria that have been labeled with MitoTracker® Red CMXRos (red). Blue pseudocolor = DRAQ5® #4084 (fluorescent DNA dye).


Background

Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF, PDCD8) is a ubiquitously expressed flavoprotein that plays a critical role in caspase-independent apoptosis (reviewed in 1,2). AIF is normally localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space and released in response to apoptotic stimuli (3). Treatment of isolated nuclei with recombinant AIF leads to early apoptotic events such as chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation (3). Studies of AIF knockout mice have shown that the apoptotic activity of AIF is cell type and stimuli-dependent. Also noted was that AIF was required for embryoid body cavitation, representing the first wave of programmed cell death during embryonic morphogenesis (4). Structural analysis of AIF revealed two important regions, the first having oxidoreductase activity and the second being a potential DNA binding domain (3,5). While AIF is redox-active and can behave as an NADH oxidase, this activity is not required for inducing apoptosis (6). Instead, recent studies suggest that AIF has dual functions, a pro-apoptotic activity in the nucleus via its DNA binding and an anti-apoptotic activity via the scavenging of free radicals through its oxidoreductase activity (2,7).

  1. Daugas, E. et al. (2000) FEBS Lett 476, 118-23.
  2. Lipton, S.A. and Bossy-Wetzel, E. (2002) Cell 111, 147-50.
  3. Susin, S.A. et al. (1999) Nature 397, 441-6.
  4. Joza, N. et al. (2001) Nature 410, 549-54.
  5. Ye, H. et al. (2002) Nat Struct Biol 9, 680-4.
  6. Miramar, M.D. et al. (2001) J Biol Chem 276, 16391-8.
  7. Klein, J.A. et al. (2002) Nature 419, 367-74.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.

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