Product Pathways - Cytoskeletal Signaling
Phospho-MARK Family (Activation Loop) Antibody #4836
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W | H M R | Endogenous | 80 to 95 | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-MARK Family (Activation Loop) Antibody detects endogenous levels of phosphorylated MARK family members, MARK1 at threonine 215, MARK2 at threonine 208, and MARK3 at threonine 234 (A.K.A. 211 in isoforms 3-6) . This antibody does not react with MARK4.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies were produced by immunzing rabbits with a synthetic phospho peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to residues surrounding threonine 215 of human MARK1. Antibodies were purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells transfected with either wild-type or threonine to alanine mutations at the respective phosphorylation sites of the MARK family members, using Phospho-MARK Family (Activation Loop) Antibody. Transfected constructs contain a GST and HA tag. Transfection efficiency monitored with HA Antibody, #2367.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from Raji and BaF3 cells, showing endogenous levels of phosphorylated MARK family members, using Phospho-MARK Family (Activation Loop) Antibody.
Background
Microtubule associated proteins regulate the stability of microtubules and control processes such as cell polarity/differentiation, neurite outgrowth, cell division and organelle trafficking (1). The MARK (MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinases) family (MARK1-4) of serine/threonine kinases was identified based on their ability to phosphorylate microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) including tau, MAP2 and MAP4 (2-6). MARK proteins phosphorylate MAPs within their microtubule binding domains, causing dissociation of MAPs from microtubules and increased microtubule dynamics (2-4). In the case of tau, phosphorylation has been hypothesized to contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles observed in Alzheimer's disease. Overexpression of MARK leads to hyperphosphorylation of MAPs, morphological changes and cell death (4). The tumor suppressor kinase LKB1 phosphorylates MARK and the closely related AMP-kinases within their T-loops, leading to increased activity (7).
- Drubin, D.G. and Nelson, W.J. (1996) Cell 84, 335-344.
- Illenberger, S. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 10834-10843.
- Drewes, G. et al. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 7679-7688.
- Drewes, G. et al. (1997) Cell 89, 297-308.
- Kato, T. et al. (2001) Neoplasia 3, 4-9.
- Trinczek, B. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 5915-5923.
- Lizcano, J. M. et al. (2004) EMBO J. 23, 833-843.
Application References
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Companion Products
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- 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
- 7727 Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack
- 7003 20X LumiGLO® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.
