Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Akt Signaling

Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody #4906

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP IHC-P F H M R Endogenous 150 to 170 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)  F=Flow Cytometry
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total hamartin/TSC1 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to the sequence of human hamartin. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from NIH/3T3, MDA-MB-468 and PC12 cells, untreated or lambda phosphatase-treated, using Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human colon carcinoma, using Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, using Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody.


IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody in the presence of control peptide (left) or antigen-specifc peptide (right).

Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

Flow cytometric analysis of untreated NIH/3T3 cells, using Hamartin/TSC1 Antibody (blue) compared to a nonspecific negative control antibody (red).

Background

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder that causes symptoms including hamartomas in brain, kidney, heart, lung and skin (1). The tumor suppressor genes TSC1 and TSC2 encode hamartin and tuberin, respectively (2,3). Hamartin and tuberin form a functional complex and are involved in numerous cellular activities such as vesicular trafficking, regulation of the G1 phase of the cell cycle, steroid hormone regulation, Rho activation and anchoring neuronal intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton (4-9). Cells lacking hamartin or tuberin display phosphorylation of S6 kinase and S6 resulting in negative regulation of S6 kinase. Furthermore, the combination of genetic, biochemical and cell-biological studies demonstrate that the tuberin: hamartin complex functions as a GTPase-activating protein for the Ras-related small G protein Rheb and thus inhibits targets of rapamycin including mTOR (10). Hamartin is phosphorylated by CDK1 (cdc2) at Thr417, Ser584 and Thr1047 in cells in G2/M phase of the cell cycle (11).

  1. Sparagana, S.P. and Roach, E.S. (2000) Curr. Opin. Neurol. 13, 115-119.
  2. van Slegtenhorst, M. et al. (1997) Science 277, 805-808.
  3. No authors listed. (1993) Cell 75, 1305-1315.
  4. Plank, T.L. et al. (1998) Cancer Res. 58, 4766-4770.
  5. Xiao, G. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 6097-6100.
  6. Tapon, N. et al. (2001) Cell 105, 345-355.
  7. Henry, K.W. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 20535-20539.
  8. Lamb, R.F. et al. (2000) Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 281-287.
  9. Haddad, L.A. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 44180-44186.
  10. Manning, B.D. and Cantley, L.C. (2003) Trends Biochem Sci. 28, 573-576.
  11. Astrinidis, A. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 51372-51379.

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This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.

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