Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Protein Stability

SUMO-2/3 (18H8) Rabbit mAb #4971

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity Isotype
W IF-IC H R (M) Endogenous Rabbit IgG

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

SUMO-2/3 (18H8) Rabbit mAb detects endogenous levels of SUMO-2/3. It does not cross-react with recombinant SUMO-1.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide from the amino terminus of human SUMO-3.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of recombinant GST-SUMO-1 protein (38 kDa), recombinant SUMO-2, recombinant SUMO-3, and extracts from C6 and PC12 cells, using SUMO-2/3 (18H8) Rabbit mAb (upper) and SUMO-1 Antibody #4930 (lower).

IF-IC

IF-IC

Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of SH-SY5Y cells labeled with SUMO-2/3 (18H8) Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor® 555 phalloidin (red).

Background

Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1, 2 and 3 (SUMO-1, -2 and -3) are members of the ubiquitin-like protein family (1). The covalent attachment of the SUMO-1, -2 or -3 (SUMOylation) to target proteins is analogous to ubiquitination. This post-translational modification is a reversible, multi-step process that is initiated by cleaving a precursor protein to a mature protein. Mature SUMO-1, -2 or -3 is then linked to the activating enzyme E1, conjugated to E2 and in conjunction with E3, SUMO-1, -2 or -3 is ligated to the target protein (2). Ubiquitin and the individual SUMO family members are all targeted to different proteins with diverse biological functions. Ubiquitin predominantly regulates degradation of its target (1). In contrast, SUMO-1 is conjugated to RanGAP, PML, p53 and IκB-α to regulate nuclear trafficking, formation of subnuclear structures, regulation of transcriptional activity and protein stability (3-7). SUMO-2/-3 forms poly-(SUMO) chains, is conjugated to topoisomerase II and APP, regulates chromosomal segregation and cellular responses to environmental stress, and plays a role in the progression of Alzheimer disease (8-11).

  1. Schwartz, D.C. and Hochstrasser, M. (2003) Trends Biochem. Sci. 28, 321-328.
  2. Kim, K.I. et al. (2002) J. Cell Physiol. 191, 257-268.
  3. Matunis, M.J. et al. (1996) J. Cell Biol. 135, 1457-1470.
  4. Duprez, E. et al. (1999) J. Cell Sci. 112, 381-393.
  5. Gostissa, M. et al. (1999) EMBO J. 18, 6462-6474.
  6. Rodriguez, M.S. et al. (1999) EMBO J. 18, 6455-6461.
  7. Desterro, J.M. et al. (1998) Mol. Cell 2, 233-239.
  8. Tatham, M.H. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35368-35374.
  9. Azuma, Y. et al. (2003) J. Cell Biol. 163, 477-487.
  10. Li, Y. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100, 259-264.
  11. Saitoh, H. and Hinchey, J. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 6252-6258.

Application References

Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!

Companion Products

Rabbit Monoclonals Produced Using Epitomics® Technology, U.S. Patent No. 5,675,063.

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

Products