Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Autophagy Signaling

Atg13 Antibody #6940

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H M R Mk Endogenous 72 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Atg13 Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total Atg13 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Asp462 of human Atg13 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from RD cells, transfected with 100 nM SignalSilence® Control siRNA (Unconjugated) #6568 (-), or SignalSilence® Atg13 siRNA I #12043 (+), using Atg13 Antibody (upper) or β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb #8457 (lower). The Atg13 Antibody confirms silencing of Atg13 expression, while the β-Actin (D6A8) Rabbit mAb is used as a loading control.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Atg13 Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from COS-7 cells, mock transfected (-) or transfected with a construct expressing Myc/DDK-tagged full-length human Atg13 (hAtg13-Myc/DDK; +), using Atg13 Antibody.


IP

IP

Immunoprecipitation of Atg13 from RD cell extracts, using Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control #3900 (lane 2) or Atg13 Antibody (lane 3). Lane 1 is 10% input. Western blot analysis was performed using Atg13 Antibody.

Background

Autophagy is a catabolic process for the autophagosomic-lysosomal degradation of bulk cytoplasmic contents (1,2). Autophagy is generally activated by conditions of nutrient deprivation, but has also been associated with a number of physiological processes including development, differentiation, neurodegeneration, infection, and cancer (3). The molecular machinery of autophagy was largely discovered in yeast and referred to as autophagy-related (Atg) genes.Atg13/Apg13 was originally identified in yeast as a constitutively expressed protein that was genetically linked to Atg1/Apg1, a protein kinase required for autophagy (4). Over-expression of Atg1 suppresses the defects in autophagy observed in Atg13 mutants (4). Autophagy requires a direct association between Atg1 and Atg13, and is inhibited by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of Atg13 under high nutrient conditions (5). Similarly, mammalian Atg13 forms a complex with the Atg1 homologues ULK1/2, along with FIP200, localizes to autophagic isolation membranes, and regulates autophagosome biogenesis (6-8). mTOR phosphorylates both Atg13 and ULK1, suppressing ULK1 kinase activity and autophagy (7-9). ULK1 can directly phosphorylate Atg13 at a yet unidentified site, presumably to promote autophagy (7,8). Additional studies suggest that Atg13 and FIP200 can function independently of ULK1 and ULK2 to induce autophagy through an unknown mechanism (10).

  1. Reggiori, F. and Klionsky, D.J. (2002) Eukaryot Cell 1, 11-21.
  2. Codogno, P. and Meijer, A.J. (2005) Cell Death Differ 12 Suppl 2, 1509-18.
  3. Levine, B. and Yuan, J. (2005) J Clin Invest 115, 2679-88.
  4. Funakoshi, T. et al. (1997) Gene 192, 207-13.
  5. Kamada, Y. et al. (2000) J Cell Biol 150, 1507-13.
  6. Ganley, I.G. et al. (2009) J Biol Chem 284, 12297-305.
  7. Hosokawa, N. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 1981-91.
  8. Jung, C.H. et al. (2009) Mol Biol Cell 20, 1992-2003.
  9. Kim, J. et al. (2011) Nat Cell Biol 13, 132-41.
  10. Alers, S. et al. (2011) Autophagy 7, 1423-33.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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