Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - MAPK Signaling

SignalSlide® Phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) IHC Controls #8103

Protocols

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Description

Each control slide contains formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded NIH/3T3 cells, treated with either U0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis[2-aminophenylthio]butadiene) #9903 or TPA (12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate) #4174 , that serve as a control for phospho-p44/42 MAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) immunostaining. U0126 has been shown to be a highly selective inhibitor of MEK1 and MEK2. TPA induces phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK. Western blot analysis was performed on extracts derived from the same cells to verify the efficacy of the U0126 and TPA treatments.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded NIH/3T3 cells, treated with U0126 #9903 (left) or TPA #4174 (right), using Phospho-p44/42MAPK (Erk1/2) (Thr202/Tyr204) (D13.14.4E) XP® Rabbit mAb #4370.

Schematic

Schematic

Applications

These slides are intended for use in immunohistochemical assays. Please see the Companion Products for a list of prodcucts that can be used with these slides.

Companion Products

Background

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a widely conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in many cellular programs, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and death. The p44/42 MAPK (Erk1/2) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, growth factors, and cytokines (1-3), and research investigators consider it an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (4). Upon stimulation, a sequential three-part protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK or MAP2K), and a MAP kinase (MAPK). Multiple p44/42 MAP3Ks have been identified, including members of the Raf family, as well as Mos and Tpl2/COT. MEK1 and MEK2 are the primary MAPKKs in this pathway (5,6). MEK1 and MEK2 activate p44 and p42 through phosphorylation of activation loop residues Thr202/Tyr204 and Thr185/Tyr187, respectively. Several downstream targets of p44/42 have been identified, including p90RSK (7) and the transcription factor Elk-1 (8,9). p44/42 are negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) MAPK phosphatases, known as DUSPs or MKPs (10), along with MEK inhibitors, such as U0126 and PD98059.

  1. Roux, P.P. and Blenis, J. (2004) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68, 320-44.
  2. Baccarini, M. (2005) FEBS Lett 579, 3271-7.
  3. Meloche, S. and Pouysségur, J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3227-39.
  4. Roberts, P.J. and Der, C.J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3291-310.
  5. Rubinfeld, H. and Seger, R. (2005) Mol Biotechnol 31, 151-74.
  6. Murphy, L.O. and Blenis, J. (2006) Trends Biochem Sci 31, 268-75.
  7. Dalby, K.N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 1496-505.
  8. Marais, R. et al. (1993) Cell 73, 381-93.
  9. Kortenjann, M. et al. (1994) Mol Cell Biol 14, 4815-24.
  10. Owens, D.M. and Keyse, S.M. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3203-13.

Application References

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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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