Product Pathways - Akt Signaling

SignalSlide™ PTEN IHC Controls #8106

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Description

Each control slide contains formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded LNCaP and NIH/3T3 cell pellets. NIH/3T3 cells express PTEN while LNCaP cells do not express PTEN. Western blot analysis was performed on extracts derived from the same cells to verify PTEN expression.

Applications

These slides are intended for use in immunohistochemical assays. Please see the Companion Products for a list of products that can be used with these slides.

Companion Products

• 9559 PTEN (138G6) Rabbit mAb
• 1250 PTEN Blocking Peptide

Background

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten), also referred to as MMAC (mutated in multiple advanced cancers) phosphatase, is a tumor suppressor implicated in a wide variety of human cancers (1). PTEN encodes a 403 amino acid polypeptide originally described as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase (2). The main substrates of PTEN are inositol phospholipids generated by the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) (3). PTEN is a major negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway (1,4,5). PTEN possesses a carboxy-terminal, noncatalytic regulatory domain with three phosphorylation sites (Ser380, Thr382 and Thr383) that regulate PTEN stability and may affect its biological activity (6,7). PTEN regulates p53 protein level and activity (8) and is involved in G protein coupled signaling during chemotaxis (9,10).

1. Cantley, L.C. and Neel, B.G. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 4240-4245.
2. Myers, M.P. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9052-9057.
3. Myers, M.P. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 13513-13518.
4. Wan, X. and Helman, L.J. (2003) Oncogene 22, 8205-8211.
5. Wu, X. et al. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 15587-15591.
6. Vazquez, F. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 5010-5018.
7. Torres, J. and Pulido, R. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 993-998.
8. Freeman, D.J. et al. (2003) Cancer Cell 3, 117-130.
9. Funamoto, S. et al. (2002) Cell 109, 611-623.
10. Iijima, M. and Devreotes, P. (2002) Cell 109, 599-610.

Application References

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