Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Tyrosine Kinase / Adaptors

14-3-3 (pan) Antibody #8312

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W H M R Mk B Pg (C) (Dm) (X) (Z) (Sc) (Ce) Endogenous 27-29 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  C=Chicken  Dm=D. melanogaster  X=Xenopus  Z=Zebrafish  B=Bovine  Pg=Pig  Sc=S. cerevisiae  Ce=C. elegans
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

14-3-3 (pan) Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total 14-3-3 protein. This antibody detects all known isoforms of mammalian 14-3-3 proteins (β/α, γ, ε, η, ζ/δ, θ/τ and σ) and is predicted to detect 14-3-3 homologs in other species.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Met223 of human 14-3-3γ protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using 14-3-3 (pan) Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of purified, recombinant, GST-tagged 14-3-3 isoforms using 14-3-3 (pan) Antibody (upper) or GST (91G1) Rabbit mAb #2635, (lower) demonstrating isoform cross-reactivity.

Background

Plasminogen is a zymogen that produced mainly by liver and circulates in blood (1, 2). Its structure has a 77 aa N-terminal activation peptide, followed by 5 kringle domains and a serin-proteinase domain. Plasminogen system play important role in dissolving the fibrin of blood clots and promoting cell migration by proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and activation of MMPs(2,3). Plasminogen is activated through two steps, binding to the cell surface through interaction with its receptors and subsequent releasing of active serine proteinase from zymogen cleavage by acitvator t-PA (Tissue specific plasminogen activator) or u-PA (Urokinase plasminogen activator) (2,3). There are many plasminogen receptor identified on the cell surface, such as S100A10, enolase and PLG-R(KT) (4-6), etc. These receptors all has lysine residues at their C-terminal to interact with the kringle domain of plasminogen, leading to plasminogen localization on cell surface. Once on cell surface, the receptors also interact with t-PA/u-PA, presenting surface bound plasminogen for cleavage into active plasmin (2,3,7). Plasminogen system play importance role in biological process such as tumor migration and invasion, wound healing, macrophage recruitment, and srem cell mobilization (8-14).

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  2. Plow, E.F. et al. (1995) FASEB J 9, 939-45.
  3. Miles, L.A. et al. (2005) Front Biosci 10, 1754-62.
  4. Kwon, M. et al. (2005) Front Biosci 10, 300-25.
  5. Redlitz, A. et al. (1995) Eur J Biochem 227, 407-15.
  6. Lighvani, S. et al. (2011) Blood 118, 5622-30.
  7. Ceruti, P. et al. (2013) Exp Hematol Oncol 2, 12.
  8. Ranson, M. et al. (1998) Br J Cancer 77, 1586-97.
  9. Phipps, K.D. et al. (2011) Cancer Res 71, 6676-83.
  10. Creemers, E. et al. (2000) Am J Pathol 156, 1865-73.
  11. Romer, J. et al. (1996) Nat Med 2, 287-92.
  12. Gong, Y. et al. (2008) J Clin Invest 118, 3012-24.
  13. O'Connell, P.A. et al. (2010) Blood 116, 1136-46.
  14. Gong, Y. and Hoover-Plow, J. (2012) J Biomed Biotechnol 2012, 437920.

Application References

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