Product Pathways - NF-kB Signaling
IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb #8478
PhosphoSitePlus® protein, site, and accession data: IRF1
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Isotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W IP IHC-P IF-IC F | H M R (Mk) | Endogenous | 45-48 | Rabbit IgG |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IP=Immunoprecipitation
IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
F=Flow Cytometry
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.
Protocols
Specificity / Sensitivity
IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of total IRF-1 protein.
Source / Purification
Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Pro261 of human IRF-1 protein.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of HeLa cells, untreated or treated with Human Interferon-γ (hIFN-γ) #8901 (100 ng/ml, 4 hr), using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb.
IHC-P (paraffin)
Imunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcioma using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb in the presence of control peptide (left) or antigen-specific peptide (right).
IHC-P (paraffin)
Imunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lymphoma using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb.
IHC-P (paraffin)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded mosue thymus using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb.
IHC-P (paraffin)
Imunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded HeLa cell pellets, control (left) or IFN gamma-treated (right), using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb.
Flow Cytometry
Flow cytometric analysis of HeLa cells, untreated (blue) or treated with Human Interferon-γ (hIFN-γ) #8901 (green), using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb.
IF-IC
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells, serum-starved (left) or treated with hIFNγ #8901 (100 ng/mL, 4 hr; right), using IRF-1 (D5E4) XP® Rabbit mAb (green). Actin filaments were labeled with DY-554 phalloidin.
Background
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of transcription factors that function within the Jak/Stat pathway to regulate interferon (IFN) and IFN-inducible gene expression in response to viral infection (1). IRFs play an important role in pathogen defense, autoimmunity, lymphocyte development, cell growth, and susceptibility to transformation. The IRF family includes nine members: IRF-1, IRF-2, ISGF3γ/p48, IRF-3, IRF-4 (Pip/LSIRF/ICSAT), IRF-5, IRF-6, IRF-7, and IRF-8/ICSBP. All IRF proteins share homology in their amino-terminal DNA-binding domains. IRF family members regulate transcription through interactions with proteins that share similar DNA-binding motifs, such as IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE), IFN consensus sequences (ICS), and IFN regulatory elements (IRF-E) (2).
The IRF-1 transcription factor was originally identified as a regulator of virus-inducible enhancer-like elements of the IFN-β gene (3). IRF-1 is widely expressed and upregulated by viral infection or stimulation with IFN or other cytokines. IRF-1 is serine-phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CKII) at two clustered sites, one in the DNA-binding domain (amino acids 138-150) and another in the transactivation domain (amino acids 219-231) (4). Mutation analysis of the latter site suggests that these phosphorylation sites help regulate IRF-1 activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation has also been shown to be important in IFN-γ-mediated differentiation of myeloid cell lines (5). C-terminal SUMOylated IRF-1 inhibits apoptosis in tumor cells by repression of its transcriptional activity (6).
- Taniguchi, T. et al. (2001) Annu Rev Immunol 19, 623-55.
- Honda, K. and Taniguchi, T. (2006) Nat Rev Immunol 6, 644-58.
- Fujita, T. et al. (1988) EMBO J 7, 3397-405.
- Lin, R. and Hiscott, J. (1999) Mol Cell Biochem 191, 169-80.
- Kautz, B. et al. (2001) J Biol Chem 276, 37868-78.
- Park, J. et al. (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 17028-33.
Application References
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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.
