Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - PI3K / Akt Signaling

Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) (D17D2) Rabbit mAb #8566

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Isotype
W IP H M R Hm Mk Endogenous 46 GSK-3beta, 51 GSK-3alpha Rabbit IgG

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Hm=Hamster  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) (D17D2) Rabbit mAb recognizes endogenous levels of GSK-3α and GSK-3β proteins only when phosphorylated at Ser21 or Ser9, respectively.

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser21 of human GSK-3α protein.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from COS-7 cells, λ phosphatase- or PDGF-treated (100 μg/ml, 15 min), and PC-3 cells, untreated or λ phosphatase-treated, using Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) (D17D2) Rabbit mAb (upper) and GSK-3α/β (D75D3) XP® Rabbit mAb #5676 (lower).

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from GSK-3α (-/-) and GSK-3β (-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF), untreated or insulin-treated (100 ng/ml, 20 min) , using Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) (D17D2) Rabbit mAb (upper) and GSK-3α/β (D75D3) XP® Rabbit mAb #5676 (lower). (MEF GSK-3α (-/-) and GSK-3β (-/-) cells were kindly provided by Dr. Jim Woodgett, University of Toronto, Canada).

Background

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase. GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (2,3). GSK-3 has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate in Dictyostelium and is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway required for Drosophila, Xenopus, and mammalian development (4). GSK-3 has been shown to regulate cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization (5).

  1. Welsh, G.I. et al. (1996) Trends Cell. Biol. 6, 274-279.
  2. Srivastava, A.K. and Pandey, S.K. (1998) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 182, 135-141.
  3. Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-789.
  4. Nusse, R. (1997) Cell 89, 321-323.
  5. Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 3499-3511.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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