Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Growth Factors/Cytokines

Human Transforming Growth Factor β1 (hTGF-β1) #8915

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Source

Recombinant human TGF-β1 (hTGF-β1) Ala279-Ser390 (Accession #P01137) was expressed in human 293 cells at Cell Signaling Technology.

Molecular Characterization

Recombinant hTGF-β1 contains no "tags" and the nonglycosylated protein has a calculated MW of 12,794. DTT-reduced protein migrates as a 13 kDa polypeptide and the non-reduced cystine-linked homodimer migrates as a 25 kDa protein. The expected amino-terminal ALDTN of recombinant hTGF-β1 was verified by amino acid sequencing.

Purity

>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE of 6 μg reduced (+) and non-reduced (-) recombinant hTGF-β1. Less than 1% migrates as monomer hTGF-β1 under non-reduced (-) conditions. All lots are greater than 98% pure.

Bioactivity

The bioactivity of recombinant hTGF-β1 was determined by assessing inhibition of IL-4 induced HT-2 cell proliferation. The ED50 of each lot is between 0.04-0.20 ng/ml.

Coomassie Gel

Coomassie Gel

The purity of recombinant hTGF-β1 was determined by SDS-PAGE of 6 µg reduced (+) and non-reduced (-) recombinant hTGF-β1 and staining overnight with Coomassie Blue.

Bioactivity

Bioactivity

The inhibition of IL-4 induced proliferation in HT-2 cells treated with increasing concentrations of hTGF-β1 was assessed. After 48 hour treatment with hTGF-β1, cells were incubated with a tetrazolium salt and the OD450 - OD650 was determined.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells, untreated or treated with hTGF-β1 for 25 minutes, using Phospho-Smad2 (Ser465/467) (138D4) Rabbit mAb #3108 (upper) and Smad2 (86F7) Rabbit mAb #3122 (lower).


Endotoxin

Less than 0.01 ng endotoxin/1 μg hTGF-β1.

Formulation

With carrier: Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM citrate, pH 3.0 containing 100 mM NaCl and 20 μg BSA per 1 μg hTGF-β1. Carrier free: Lyophilized from a 0.22 μm filtered solution of 20 mM citrate, pH 3.0 containing 100 mM NaCl.

Background

TGF-β1 activities include proliferation, angiogenesis and promotion or inhibition of many immune events (1-3). TGF-β1 is produced by a number of cell types including regulatory T cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells (3). TGF-β1 binds to TβRII homodimer, which then complexes with TβRI homodimer (1,4). The oligomeric receptor complex phosphorylates subsets of the SMAD proteins that then act to induce and repress a number of target genes (1,3,4). TGF-β1 binding can also activate the Erk2, p38, and JNK pathways via TAK1 (4). TGF-β1 appears to promote late stage progression and metastasis in some cancers (1,2).

  1. Siegel, P.M. and Massagué, J. (2003) Nat Rev Cancer 3, 807-21.
  2. Bierie, B. and Moses, H.L. (2006) Nat Rev Cancer 6, 506-20.
  3. Tian, M. and Schiemann, W.P. (2009) Future Oncol 5, 259-71.
  4. Moustakas, A. and Heldin, C.H. (2009) Development 136, 3699-714.

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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