Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Metabolism

Thymidine Kinase 1 Antibody #8960

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H Mk Endogenous 26 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Thymidine Kinase 1 Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total TK1 protein. This antibody does not cross-react with TK2 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding Gly213 of human TK1 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Thymidine Kinase 1 Antibody.

Background

Thymidine kinases play a critical role in generating the DNA synthetic precursor deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) by catalyzing the phosphotransfer of phosphate from ATP to deoxythymidine (dT) and thymidine (T) in the cell. There are two known thymidine kinases, cytoplasmic thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) and mitochondrial thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) (1,2). Unlike TK2, which is not modulated by the cell cycle, TK1 expression and activity is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, accumulating during G1-phase to peak levels in S-phase before being degraded prior to cell division (3,4). Stability, but not activity, may be regulated via phosphorylation of TK1 at Ser13 by Cdc2 and/or Cdk2, but the precise mode of regulation remains elusive (5). These observations indicate that TK1 might be a useful marker of cell proliferation; however, recent studies have shown that TK1 plays a more significant role in the DNA damage response (6). Genotoxic stress promotes increased TK1 expression and kinase activity resulting in reduced cellular apoptosis and enhanced DNA repair efficiency (6). More importantly, numerous studies show that TK1 expression and activity are upregulated during neoplasia and disease progression in humans, and increased serum levels of TK1 correlate with poor prognosis and decreased survival in patients with various types of advanced tumors (7-12).

  1. Aufderklamm, S. et al. (2012) Cancer Lett 316, 6-10.
  2. Munch-Petersen, B. (2010) Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 29, 363-9.
  3. Bello, L.J. (1974) Exp Cell Res 89, 263-74.
  4. Littlefield, J.W. (1966) Biochim Biophys Acta 114, 398-403.
  5. Chang, Z.F. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 12095-100.
  6. Chen, Y.L. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 27327-35.
  7. Hannigan, B.M. et al. (1993) Cancer Biother 8, 189-97.
  8. Pan, Z.L. et al. (2010) J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 136, 1193-9.
  9. Chen, Y. et al. (2010) Int J Clin Oncol 15, 359-68.
  10. Konoplev, S.N. et al. (2010) Am J Clin Pathol 134, 472-7.
  11. Xu, Y. et al. (2012) Tumour Biol 33, 475-83.
  12. Alegre, M.M. et al. (2012) J Oncol 2012, 575647.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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