Product Pathways - MAPK Signaling

p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody #9102

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Applications	Reactivity	MW (kDa)	Source
W IP IHC-P IF-IC F	H M R Mk Mi Pg Hm B Z	42, 44	Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)  F=Flow Cytometry
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  Mi=Mink  Pg=Pig  Hm=Hamster  B=Bovine  Z=Zebra Fish
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody detects endogenous levels of total p44/42 MAP kinase (Erk1/Erk2) protein. In some cell types, this antibody recognizes p44 MAPK more readily than p42 MAPK. The antibody does not recognize either JNK/SAPK or p38 MAP kinase.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) derived from a sequence in the C-terminus of rat p44 MAP Kinase. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a widely conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases involved in many cellular programs such as cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and death. The p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a diverse range of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, growth factors, and cytokines (1-3) and is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer (4). Upon stimulation, a sequential three-part protein kinase cascade is initiated, consisting of a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), a MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK), and a MAP kinase. While multiple ERK1/2 MAP3Ks have been identified, including the Raf family, Mos, and Tpl2/Cot, MEK1 and MEK2 are the primary MAPKKs in this pathway (5,6). MEK1 and MEK2 activate ERK1/p44 and ERK2/p42 through phosphorylation of activation loop residues Thr202/Tyr204 and Thr185/Tyr187, respectively. Several downstream targets of ERK1/2 have been identified, including p90RSK (7) and the transcription factor Elk-1 (8,9). ERK1/2 are negatively regulated by a family of dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) MAPK phosphatases, known as DUSPs or MKPs (10), along with MEK inhibitors such as U0126 and PD98059.

1. Roux, P.P. and Blenis, J. (2004) Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 68, 320-44.
2. Baccarini, M. (2005) FEBS Lett 579, 3271-7.
3. Meloche, S. and Pouyssegur, J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3227-39.
4. Roberts, P.J. and Der, C.J. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3291-310.
5. Rubinfeld, H. and Seger, R. (2005) Mol Biotechnol 31, 151-74.
6. Murphy, L.O. and Blenis, J. (2006) Trends Biochem Sci 31, 268-75.
7. Dalby, K.N. et al. (1998) J Biol Chem 273, 1496-505.
8. Marais, R. et al. (1993) Cell 73, 381-93.
9. Kortenjann, M. et al. (1994) Mol Cell Biol 14, 4815-24.
10. Owens, D.M. and Keyse, S.M. (2007) Oncogene 26, 3203-13.

Application References

• Domina, A. M. et al. (2000) Myeloid cell leukemia 1 is phosphorylated through two distinct pathways, one associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation and the other with G2/M accumulation or protein phosphatase 1/2A inhibition. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 21688-20984. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Hayne, C. et al. (2000) Raf-1/MEK/MAPK pathway is necessary for the G2/M transition induced by nocodazole. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 31876-31882. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Tan, J. et al. (2000) CD45 opposes beta-amyloid peptide-induced microglial activation via inhibition of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J. Neurosci. 20, 7587-7594. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Yu, C. et al. (2002) Pharmacologic Mitogen-activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase Kinase/Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Inhibitors Interact Synergistically with STI571 to Induce Apoptosis in Bcr/Abl-expressing Human Leukemia Cells. Cancer Research 62, 188-199. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Rosenberger, C.M. and Finlay, B.B. (2002) Macrophages Inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium Replication through MEK/ERK Kinase and Phagocyte NADPH Oxidase Activities. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 18753-18762. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Wu, J. et al. (2002) Attenuation of Protein Kinase C and cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Signal Transduction in the Neurogranin Knockout Mouse. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, 19498-19505. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Dai, Y. et al. (2001) Pharmacologic Inhibitors of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Kinase/MAPK Cascade Interact Synergistically with UCN-01 to Induce Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells. Cancer Research 61, 5106-5115. This article references the use of p44/42 MAP Kinase Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting

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