Product Pathways - MAPK Signaling

ATF-2 Fusion Protein #9224

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Molecular Weight

40

Description

Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF-2) Fusion Protein serves as a useful substrate for SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinases. It is expressed as a recombinant protein fusion containing ATF-2 residues 19-96. It contains the amino-terminal activation domain of ATF-2, which is regulated by phosphorylation of Thr69 and Thr71.

Directions for Use

ATF-2 Fusion Protein, at a concentration of 2 µg/20 µl reaction, can be phosphorylated by an upstream kinase in an in vitro kinase assay with 1X Kinase Buffer (#9802) and 200 µM ATP (#9804). After a 30-minute assay at 30°C, phosphorylation can be detected by Western blot with Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr71) Antibody (#9221).

Background

The transcription factor ATF-2 (also called CRE-BP1) binds to both AP-1 and CRE DNA response elements and is a member of the ATF/CREB family of leucine zipper proteins (1). ATF-2 interacts with a variety of viral oncoproteins and cellular tumor suppressors and is a target of the SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways (2-4). Various forms of cellular stress, including genotoxic agents, inflammatory cytokines and UV irradiation, stimulate the transcriptional activity of ATF-2. Cellular stress activates ATF-2 by phosphorylation of Thr69 and Thr71 (2-4). Both SAPK and p38 MAPK have been shown to phosphorylate ATF-2 at these sites in vitro and in cells transfected with ATF-2. Mutations of these sites result in the loss of stress-induced transcription by ATF-2 (2-4). In addition, mutations at these sites reduce the ability of E1A and Rb to stimulate gene expression via ATF-2 (2).

1. Abdel-Hafiz, H.A. et al. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6, 2079-2089.
2. Gupta, S. et al. (1995) Science 267, 389-393.
3. van Dam, H. et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 1798-1811.
4. Livingstone, C. et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 1785-1797.

Application References

• Heuertz, R. M. et al. (1999) C-reactive protein inhibits chemotactic peptide-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and human neutrophil movement. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 17968-17974. This article references the use of ATF-2 Fusion Protein in the following applications: kinase assay substrate
• Page, K. et al. (1999) Platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and cyclin D1 promoter activity in cultured airway smooth-muscle cells. Role of Ras. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 20, 1294-1302. This article references the use of ATF-2 Fusion Protein in the following applications: kinase assay substrate
• Rao, G.N. (2000) Oxidant stress stimulates phosphorylation of eIF4E without an effect on global protein synthesis in smooth muscle cells. Lack of evidence for a role of H202 in angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 16993-16999. This article references the use of ATF-2 Fusion Protein in the following applications: kinase assay substrate

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Companion Products

• 9221 Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr71) Antibody
• 9802 Kinase Buffer (10X)
• 9804 ATP (10 mM)
• 9820 p38 MAP Kinase Assay Kit (Nonradioactive)
• 9226 ATF-2 (20F1) Rabbit mAb
• 9225 Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr69/71) Antibody
• 1040 Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr69/71) Blocking Peptide
• 5112 Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr71) (11G2) Rabbit mAb
• 9220 PhosphoPlus® ATF-2 (Thr71) Antibody Kit
• 7474 p38α MAP Kinase
• 7476 p38β MAP Kinase
• 7480 p38γ MAP Kinase
• 7478 p38δ MAP Kinase