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Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr69/71) Antibody #9225

Applications	Reactivity	Sensitivity	MW (kDa)	Source
W IHC-P	H M R Mk	Endogenous	70	Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

9225:

IHC / Paraffin, Western Blotting

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr69/71) Antibody detects endogenous levels of ATF-2 only when dually phosphorylated at both threonine 69 and threonine 71. It does not recognize ATF-2 singly phosphorylated at either threonine 69 or threonine 71.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Thr69 and Thr71 of human ATF-2. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

The transcription factor ATF-2 (also called CRE-BP1) binds to both AP-1 and CRE DNA response elements and is a member of the ATF/CREB family of leucine zipper proteins (1). ATF-2 interacts with a variety of viral oncoproteins and cellular tumor suppressors and is a target of the SAPK/JNK and p38 MAP kinase signaling pathways (2-4). Various forms of cellular stress, including genotoxic agents, inflammatory cytokines, and UV irradiation, stimulate the transcriptional activity of ATF-2. Cellular stress activates ATF-2 by phosphorylation of Thr69 and Thr71 (2-4). Both SAPK and p38 MAPK have been shown to phosphorylate ATF-2 at these sites in vitro and in cells transfected with ATF-2. Mutations of these sites result in the loss of stress-induced transcription by ATF-2 (2-4). In addition, mutations at these sites reduce the ability of E1A and Rb to stimulate gene expression via ATF-2 (2).

1. Abdel-Hafiz, H.A. et al. (1992) Mol. Endocrinol. 6, 2079-2089.
2. Gupta, S. et al. (1995) Science 267, 389-393.
3. van Dam, H. et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 1798-1811.
4. Livingstone, C. et al. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 1785-1797.

Application References

• Alsayed, Y. et al. (2000) Activation of Rac1 and the p38 Map kinase pathway in response to all-trans-retinoic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 4012-4019. Applications: Western Blotting
• Goh, K. C. et al. (1999) p38 MAP kinase is required for STAT1 serine phosphorylation and transcriptional activation induced byinterferons. EMBO J. 18, 5601-5608. Applications: Western Blotting
• Hartmann, G. and Krieg, A.M. (2000) Mechanism and function of a newly identified CpG DNA motif in human primary B cells. J. Immunol. 164, 944-953. Applications: Western Blotting
• Ouwens, D. M. et al. (2002) Growth Factors can activate ATF2 via a two-step mechanism: phosphorylation of Thr71 through the Ras-MEK-ERK pathway and of Thr69 through RalGDS-Src-p38. EMBO Journal 21, 3782-3793. Applications: Western Blotting
• Sellers, L. A. et al. (2000) Receptor isoforms mediate opposing proliferative effects through gbetagamma-activated p38 or Akt pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 5974-5985. Applications: Western Blotting
• Zhong, S. P. et al. (2000) ERKs and p38 kinases mediate ultraviolet B-induced phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 20980-20984. Applications: Western Blotting

Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!

Companion Products

• 9221 Phospho-ATF-2 (Thr71) Antibody
• 9223 ATF-2 Control Cell Extracts
• 7074 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
• 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
• 7727 Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack
• 7003 20X LumiGLO^® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
• 9226 ATF-2 (20F1) Rabbit mAb

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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.