Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - MAPK Signaling

c-Jun Control Cell Extracts #9263

Description

Nonphosphorylated c-Jun (Ser63) II Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from NIH/3T3 cells, prepared without treatment, serve as a negative control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.Phosphorylated c-Jun (Ser63) II Cell Extracts: Total cell extracts from NIH/3T3 cells, prepared with UV treatment, serve as a positive control. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.

Applications

As controls, we recommend using 15 µl of phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated c-Jun control extracts.

Background

c-Jun is a member of the Jun Family containing c-Jun, JunB and JunD, and is a component of the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1). AP-1 is composed of dimers of Fos, Jun and ATF family members and binds to and activates transcription at TRE/AP-1 elements (reviewed in 1). Extracellular signals including growth factors, chemokines and stress activate AP-1-dependent transcription. The transcriptional activity of c-Jun is regulated by phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73 through SAPK/JNK (reviewed in 2). Knock-out studies in mice have shown that c-Jun is essential for embryogenesis (3), and subsequent studies have demonstrated roles for c-Jun in various tissues and developmental processes including axon regeneration (4), liver regeneration (5) and T cell development (6). AP-1 regulated genes exert diverse biological functions including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as transformation, invasion and metastasis, depending on cell type and context (7-9). Other target genes regulate survival as well as hypoxia and angiogenesis (8,10). c-Jun has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for cancer, vascular remodeling, acute inflammation, as well as rheumatoid arthritis (11,12).

  1. Jochum, W. et al. (2001) Oncogene 20, 2401-12.
  2. Davis, R.J. (2000) Cell 103, 239-52.
  3. Hilberg, F. et al. (1993) Nature 365, 179-81.
  4. Raivich, G. et al. (2004) Neuron 43, 57-67.
  5. Behrens, A. et al. (2002) EMBO J 21, 1782-90.
  6. Riera-Sans, L. and Behrens, A. (2007) J Immunol 178, 5690-700.
  7. Leppä, S. and Bohmann, D. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6158-62.
  8. Shaulian, E. and Karin, M. (2002) Nat Cell Biol 4, E131-6.
  9. Weiss, C. and Bohmann, D. (2004) Cell Cycle 3, 111-3.
  10. Karamouzis, M.V. et al. (2007) Mol Cancer Res 5, 109-20.
  11. Kim, S. and Iwao, H. (2003) J Pharmacol Sci 91, 177-81.
  12. Dass, C.R. and Choong, P.F. (2008) Pharmazie 63, 411-4.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.

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