Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - DNA Damage

p53 Antibody #9282

Applications Reactivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP IF-IC H R Mk 53 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

p53 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total p53 protein. The antibody does not cross-react with other p53-related proteins.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with an MBP-p53 fusion protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of E. coli and Baculovirus-expressed p53 fusion proteins, using p53 Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from 293, COS, HeLa, A431 and NBT-II cells, untreated or UV-treated, using p53 Antibody.

IF-IC

IF-IC

Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HT-29 cells using p53 Antibody (green). Actin filaments have been labeled with DY-554 phalloidin (red).


Background

The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a major role in cellular response to DNA damage and other genomic aberrations. Activation of p53 can lead to either cell cycle arrest and DNA repair or apoptosis (1). p53 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo and by several different protein kinases in vitro (2,3). DNA damage induces phosphorylation of p53 at Ser15 and Ser20 and leads to a reduced interaction between p53 and its negative regulator, oncoprotein MDM2 (4). MDM2 inhibits p53 accumulation by targeting it for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation (6,7). p53 can apparently be phosphorylated by ATM, ATR and DNA-PK at Ser15 and Ser37. Phosphorylation impairs the ability of MDM2 to bind p53, promoting both the accumulation and activation of p53 in response to DNA damage (4,5). Chk2 and Chk1 can phosphorylate p53 at Ser20, enhancing its tetramerization, stability and activity (8,9). p53 is phosphorylated at Ser392 in vivo (11,12) and by CAK in vitro (12). Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser392 is altered in human tumors (14) and has been reported to influence the growth suppressor function, DNA binding and transcriptional activation of p53 (10,11,13). p53 is phosphorylated at Ser6 and Ser9 by CK1δ and CK1ε both in vitro and in vivo (10,15). Phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46 regulates the ability of p53 to induce apoptosis (16). Acetylation of p53 is mediated by p300 and CBP acetyltransferases. Inhibition of deacetylation suppressing MDM2 from recruiting HDAC1 complex by p19 (ARF) stabilizes p53. Acetylation appears to play a positive role in the accumulation of p53 protein in stress response (17). Following DNA damage, human p53 becomes acetylated at Lys382 (Lys379 in mouse) in vivo to enhance p53-DNA binding (18). Deacetylation of p53 occurs through interaction with the SIRT1 protein, a deacetylase that may be involved in cellular aging and the DNA damage response (19).

  1. Levine, A.J. (1997) Cell 88, 323-331.
  2. Meek, D.W. (1994) Semin. Cancer Biol. 5, 203-210.
  3. Milczarek, G.J. et al. (1997) Life Sci. 60, 1-11.
  4. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1997) Cell 91, 325-334.
  5. Tibbetts, R.S. et al. (1999) Genes Dev. 13, 152-157.
  6. Chehab, N.H. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13777-13782.
  7. Honda, R. et al. (1997) FEBS Lett. 420, 25-27.
  8. Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1999) EMBO J. 18, 1815-1823.
  9. Hirao, A. et al. (2000) Science 287, 1824-1827.
  10. Kohn, K.W. (1999) Mol. Biol. Cell 10, 2703-2734.
  11. Hao, M. et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 29380-29385.
  12. Lu, H. et al. (1997) Mol. Cell. Biol. 17, 5923-5934.
  13. Lohrum, M. and Scheidtmann, K.H. (1996) Oncogene 13, 2527-2539.
  14. Ulrich, S.J. et al. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 5954-5958.
  15. Knippschild, U. et al. (1997) Oncogene 15, 1727-1736.
  16. Oda, K. et al. (2000) Cell 102, 849-862.
  17. Ito, A. et al. (2001) EMBO J. 20, 1331-1340.
  18. Sakaguchi, K. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 2831-2841.
  19. Solomon, J.M. et al. (2006) Mol. Cell. Biol. 26, 28-38.

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