Product Pathways - PI3K / Akt Signaling
Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody #9331
| Applications | Reactivity | Sensitivity | MW (kDa) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| W IHC-P | H M R Mk Z | Endogenous | 46 GSK-3beta. 51 GSK-3alpha. | Rabbit |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Mk=Monkey
Z=Zebrafish
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.
Protocols
- 9331:
- IHC / Paraffin, Western Blotting
Specificity / Sensitivity
Phospho-GSK-3alpha/beta (Ser21/9) Antibody detects endogenous levels of GSK-3 only when phosphorylated at serine 21 of GSK-3alpha or serine 9 of GSK-3beta.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to the sequence of human GSK-3 alpha. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, untreated or insulin treated for the indicated times, using Phospho-GSK-3alpha/beta (Ser21/9) Antibody (upper) or GSK-3beta Antibody #9332 (lower).
IHC-P (paraffin)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, showing nuclear and cytoplasmic localization, using Phospho-GSK-3alpha/beta (Ser21/9) Antibody.
IHC-P (paraffin)
Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, untreated (left) or lambda phosphatase-treated (right), using Phospho-GSK-3alpha/beta (Ser21/9) Antibody.
Background
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). GSK-3 is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase. GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway whose activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (2,3). GSK-3 has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate in Dictyostelium and is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway required for Drosophila, Xenopus, and mammalian development (4). GSK-3 has been shown to regulate cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization (5).
- Welsh, G.I. et al. (1996) Trends Cell. Biol. 6, 274-279.
- Srivastava, A.K. and Pandey, S.K. (1998) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 182, 135-141.
- Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-789.
- Nusse, R. (1997) Cell 89, 321-323.
- Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 3499-3511.
Application References
- Armstrong, J. L. et al. (2001) Regulation of glycogen synthesis by amino acids in cultured human muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 952-956. Applications: Western Blotting
- Fasshauer, M. et al. (2000) Essential role of insulin receptor substrate-2 in insulin stimulation of Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake in brown adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25494-25501. Applications: Western Blotting
- Zheng, W. H. et al. (2000) Insulin-like growth factor-1-induced phosphorylation of the Forkhead family transcription factor FKHRL1 Is mediated by Akt kinase in PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39152-39158. Applications: Western Blotting
- Peyssonnaux, C. et al. (2000) Induction of postmitotic neuroretina cell proliferation by distinct Ras downstream signaling pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 7068-7079. Applications: Western Blotting
- Allard, D. et al. (2008) J Biol Chem 283, 19739-47. Applications: Western Blotting
- Popkie, A.P. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 41337-47. Applications: Western Blotting
- Fonseca, B.D. et al. (2011) J Biol Chem 286, 27111-22. Applications: Western Blotting
Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!
Companion Products
- 9315 GSK-3β (27C10) Rabbit mAb
- 9316 Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (36E9) Rabbit mAb
- 9327 Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) (37F11) Rabbit mAb (GSK-3α Preferred)
- 9323 Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) (5B3) Rabbit mAb
- 9337 Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (46H12) Mouse mAb
- 9840 Akt Kinase Assay Kit (Nonradioactive)
- 7003 20X LumiGLO® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
- 7074 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
- 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.