Product Pathways - Akt Signaling

Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody #9331

• pathway
• more info
• application references
• datasheet PDF
• MSDS PDF
• protocols

Applications	Reactivity	Sensitivity	MW (kDa)	Source
W IHC-P	H M R Z	Endogenous	46 GSK-3beta. 51 GSK-3alpha.	Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Z=Zebra Fish
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-GSK-3alpha/beta (Ser21/9) Antibody detects endogenous levels of GSK-3 only when phosphorylated at serine 21 of GSK-3alpha or serine 9 of GSK-3beta.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic phospho-peptide (KLH-coupled) derived from the sequence of human GSK-3 alpha. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) was initially identified as an enzyme that regulates glycogen synthesis in response to insulin (1). GSK-3 is an ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates glycogen synthase. GSK-3 is a critical downstream element of the PI3 kinase/Akt cell survival pathway, and its activity can be inhibited by Akt-mediated phosphorylation at Ser21 of GSK-3α and Ser9 of GSK-3β (2,3). GSK-3 has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate in Dictyostelium, and is a component of the Wnt signaling pathway required for Drosophila, Xenopus and mammalian development (4). GSK-3 has been shown to regulate cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization (5).

1. Welsh, G.I. et al. (1996) Trends Cell. Biol. 6, 274-279.
2. Srivastava, A.K. and Pandey, S.K. (1998) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 182, 135-141.
3. Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-789.
4. Nusse, R. (1997) Cell 89, 321-323.
5. Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 3499-3511.

Application References

• Armstrong, J. L. et al. (2001) Regulation of glycogen synthesis by amino acids in cultured human muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 952-956. This article references the use of Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Fasshauer, M. et al. (2000) Essential role of insulin receptor substrate-2 in insulin stimulation of Glut4 translocation and glucose uptake in brown adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 25494-25501. This article references the use of Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Zheng, W. H. et al. (2000) Insulin-like growth factor-1-induced phosphorylation of the Forkhead family transcription factor FKHRL1 Is mediated by Akt kinase in PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 39152-39158. This article references the use of Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting
• Peyssonnaux, C. et al. (2000) Induction of postmitotic neuroretina cell proliferation by distinct Ras downstream signaling pathways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 7068-7079. This article references the use of Phospho-GSK-3α/β (Ser21/9) Antibody in the following applications: Western Blotting

Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!

Companion Products

• 9270 PhosphoPlus® Akt (Ser473) Antibody Kit
• 9336 Phospho-GSK-3β (Ser9) Antibody
• 9337 Phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) (46H12) Mouse mAb
• 9840 Akt Kinase Assay Kit (Nonradioactive)
• 7074 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
• 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
• 7003 20X LumiGLO^® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
• 9315 GSK-3β (27C10) Rabbit mAb

This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.