Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Ca / cAMP / Lipid Signaling

PKCζ Antibody #9372

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP IHC-P H Endogenous 78 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key:  H=Human
Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

PKCζ Antibody detects endogenous levels of total PKCζ. The antibody does not cross-react with endogenous levels of other PKC isoforms.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to human PKCζ. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of Baculovirus expressed PKC isoforms, demonstrating the isoform-specificty of PKCζ Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts of HeLa, 293, THP1 and PL45 cells, using PKCζ Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human renal cell carcinoma, using PKCζ Antibody.


IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, showing nuclear and cytoplasmic localization using PKCζ Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human ovarian adenocarcinoma, using PKCζ Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, using PKCζ Antibody in the presence of control peptide (left) or antigen specific peptide (right).


Background

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the earliest events in a cascade that controls a variety of cellular responses, including secretion, gene expression, proliferation and muscle contraction (1,2). PKC isoforms belong to three groups based on calcium dependency and activators. Classical PKCs are calcium-dependent via their C2 domains and are activated by phosphatidylserine (PS), diacylglycerol (DAG) and phorbol esters (TPA, PMA) through their cysteine-rich C1 domains. Both novel and atypical PKCs are calcium-independent, but only novel PKCs are activated by PS, DAG and phorbol esters (3-5). Members of these three PKC groups contain a pseudo-substrate or autoinhibitory domain that binds to substrate-binding site in the catalytic domain to prevent activation in the absence of cofactors or activators.Control of PKC activity is regulated through three distinct phosphorylation events. Phosphorylation of Thr500 in the activation loop, the autophosphorylation site at Thr641 and at carboxy-terminal hydrophobic site Ser660 occurs in vivo (2). Atypical PKC isoforms lack hydrophobic region phosphorylation, which correlates with the presence of glutamic acid rather than the serine or threonine residues found in more typical PKC isoforms. Either the enzyme PDK1 or a close relative is responsible for PKC activation.A recent addition to the PKC superfamily is PKCμ (PKD), which is regulated by DAG and TPA through its C1 domain. PKD is distinguished by the presence of a PH domain and by its unique substrate recognition and Golgi localization (6). PKC-related kinases (PRK) lack the C1 domain and do not respond to DAG or phorbol esters. Phosphatidylinositol lipids activate PRKs and small Rho-family GTPases bind to the homology region 1 (HR1) to regulate PRK kinase activity (7).

  1. Nishizuka, Y. (1984) Nature 308, 693-698.
  2. Keranen, L.M. et al. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 1394-1403.
  3. Mellor, H. and Parker, P.J. (1998) Biochem J. 332 (Pt 2), 281-292.
  4. Ron, D. and Kazanietz, M.G. (1999) FASEB J. 13, 1658-1676.
  5. Moscat, J. and Diaz-Meco, M.T. (2000) EMBO Rep. 1, 399-403.
  6. Baron, C.L. and Malhotra, V. (2002) Science 295, 325-328.
  7. Flynn, P. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 11064-11070.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is for in vitro research use only and is not intended for use in humans or animals. This product is not intended for use as therapeutic or in diagnostic procedures.

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