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Phospho-PKCδ/θ (Ser643/676) Antibody #9376

PhosphoSitePlus^® protein, site, and accession data: PKCD, PKCT

Applications	Reactivity	Sensitivity	MW (kDa)	Source
W IHC-P	H M R Mk X	Endogenous	78	Rabbit

Applications Key: W=Western Blotting IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
Reactivity Key: H=Human M=Mouse R=Rat Mk=Monkey X=Xenopus
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

9376:: IHC / Paraffin, Western Blotting

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-PKCdelta/theta (Ser643/676) Antibody detects endogenous levels of PKCdelta only when phosphorylated at serine 643, and PKCtheta only when phosphorylated at serine 676. This antibody does not cross-react with the phosphorylated PKC isoforms alpha, beta, gamma or epsilon.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser643 of rat PKCdelta. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from U-937 cells, untreated or TPA-treated (0.2 µM), using Phospho-PKCdelta/theta (Ser643/676) Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of Baculovirus expressed PKC isoforms alpha, beta, gamma, delta and epsilon, untreated or lambda protein phosphatase-treated, using Phospho-PKCdelta/theta (Ser643/676) Antibody (upper) or PKCalpha, -beta, -gamma, -delta and -epsilon antibodies (lower).

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using Phospho-PKCdelta/theta (Ser643/676) Antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human lung carcinoma, using Phospho-PKCdelta/theta (Ser643/676). Antibody.

Sequence

Phosphorylation of PKCdelta.

Background

Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is one of the earliest events in a cascade that controls a variety of cellular responses, including secretion, gene expression, proliferation, and muscle contraction (1,2). PKC isoforms belong to three groups based on calcium dependency and activators. Classical PKCs are calcium-dependent via their C2 domains and are activated by phosphatidylserine (PS), diacylglycerol (DAG), and phorbol esters (TPA, PMA) through their cysteine-rich C1 domains. Both novel and atypical PKCs are calcium-independent, but only novel PKCs are activated by PS, DAG, and phorbol esters (3-5). Members of these three PKC groups contain a pseudo-substrate or autoinhibitory domain that binds to substrate-binding sites in the catalytic domain to prevent activation in the absence of cofactors or activators. Control of PKC activity is regulated through three distinct phosphorylation events. Phosphorylation occurs in vivo at Thr500 in the activation loop, at Thr641 through autophosphorylation, and at the carboxy-terminal hydrophobic site Ser660 (2). Atypical PKC isoforms lack hydrophobic region phosphorylation, which correlates with the presence of glutamic acid rather than the serine or threonine residues found in more typical PKC isoforms. The enzyme PDK1 or a close relative is responsible for PKC activation. A recent addition to the PKC superfamily is PKCμ (PKD), which is regulated by DAG and TPA through its C1 domain. PKD is distinguished by the presence of a PH domain and by its unique substrate recognition and Golgi localization (6). PKC-related kinases (PRK) lack the C1 domain and do not respond to DAG or phorbol esters. Phosphatidylinositol lipids activate PRKs, and small Rho-family GTPases bind to the homology region 1 (HR1) to regulate PRK kinase activity (7).

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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.