Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling

Smad4 Antibody #9515

Applications Reactivity MW (kDa) Source
W H M R Mk 70 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology. Species cross-reactivity is determined by Western blot.

Specificity / Sensitivity

Smad4 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Smad4 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic peptide (KLH-coupled) corresponding to the residues surrounding Pro278 of human Smad4. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from COS, NIH3T3, PC12, and SK-N-MC cells, using Smad4 Antibody.

Background

Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmits TGF-beta signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the recepter-regulated Smads (R-Smads),which include Smad 1, 2, 3, 5, 8; the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4, and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7 (1-5). Briefly, activated type I receptors associate with specific R-Smads and phosphorylate them on a conserved SSXS motif at the carboxy-terminus of the proteins. The phosphorylated R-Smad dissociates from the receptor and forms a heteromeric complex with the co-Smad, Smad4, and together the complex moves to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses (6-8).

  1. Heldin, C. H. et al. (1997) Nature 390, 465-471.
  2. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1998) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10, 188-194.
  3. Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-740.
  4. Massague, J. (1998) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 753-791.
  5. Whitman, . (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 2445-2462.
  6. Wrana, J. (2000) Science 23, 1-9.
  7. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J. (2002) Science 296, 1646-1647.
  8. Moustakas, A. et al. (2001) J. Cell Sci. 114, 4359-4369.

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