Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - TGF-beta/Smad Signaling

Smad6 Antibody #9519

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W H Mk Endogenous 62 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  Mk=Monkey
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Smad6 Antibody detects endogenous levels of total Smad6 protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues surrounding cysteine 55 of human Smad6. Antibodies were purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using Smad6 Antibody.

Background

Members of the Smad family of signal transduction molecules are components of a critical intracellular pathway that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell surface into the nucleus. Three distinct classes of Smads have been defined: the receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads), which include Smad1, 2, 3, 5, and 8; the common-mediator Smad (co-Smad), Smad4; and the antagonistic or inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and 7 (1-5). Activated type I receptors associate with specific R-Smads and phosphorylate them on a conserved carboxy-terminal SSXS motif. The phosphorylated R-Smad dissociates from the receptor and forms a heteromeric complex with the co-Smad (Smad4), allowing translocation of the complex to the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, Smads can target a variety of DNA binding proteins to regulate transcriptional responses (6-8).

The inhibitory Smads, Smad6 and Smad7, were originally identified in vascular endothelium and inhibit TGF-β and BMP signaling by interfering with the phosphorylation of other Smad family members (9,10). Their expression may be induced by TGF-β, and BMP in some cell types providing a negative feedback loop (11,12).

  1. Heldin, C.H. et al. (1997) Nature 390, 465-471.
  2. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (1998) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10, 188-194.
  3. Derynck, R. et al. (1998) Cell 95, 737-740.
  4. Massague, J. (1998) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 753-791.
  5. Whitman, M. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 2445-2462.
  6. Wu, G. et al. (2000) Science 287, 92-97.
  7. Attisano, L. and Wrana, J.L. (2002) Science 296, 1646-1647.
  8. Moustakas, A. et al. (2001) J. Cell Sci. 114, 4359-4369.
  9. Topper, J.N. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9314-9319.
  10. Imamura, T. et al. (1997) Nature 389, 622-626.
  11. Takase, M. et al. (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 244, 26-29.
  12. Afrakhte, M. et al. (1998) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 249, 505-511.

Application References

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Companion Products

This product is intended for research purposes only. The product is not intended to be used for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes in humans or animals.

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