Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Protein Stability

AMFR Antibody #9590

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H Mk Dg Endogenous 75 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  Mk=Monkey  Dg=Dog
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

AMFR Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total AMFR protein. This antibody does not cross-react with HRD1.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human AMFR protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using AMFR Antibody.

Background

Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR/gp78) is a putative seven transmembrane domain G protein-coupled receptor that functions, in part, at the cell surface as a cytokine receptor for autocrine motility factor/phosphoglucose isomerase (AMF/PGI). AMFR is also localized to an intracellular mitochondria-associated smooth ER domain where it functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase (1). AMFR function, as both a cytokine receptor and ubiquitin ligase, is linked to a variety of cellular signaling cascades associated with metastasis development and increased invasiveness. AMFR was initially proposed to be a RING-H2 E3 ubiquitin ligase after sequence analysis identified a catalytic RING finger and CUE motif, which are responsible for ubiquitin ligase activity and ubiquitin binding, respectively (2,3). Indeed, AMFR is a key component and amongst the best characterized ubiquitin ligases of the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) machinery, a process involving recognition of misfolded proteins, ubiquitination, deglycosylation, retro-translocation to the cytosol, and targeting to the proteasome (4). Recent studies have shown that AMFR plays an important role in cholesterol homeostasis via the sterol-mediated ubiquitination of HMG-CoA reductase and its cofactor Insig-1 (5,6). Furthermore, AMFR has been implicated in the degradation of apolipoprotein B100 (7). It was recently reported that AMFR degrades the metastasis suppressor KAI-1/CD-82, representing the first evidence that AMFR ubiquitin ligase activity is involved in metastasis development (8). Increased expression of AMFR correlates with a high incidence of recurrence and reduced survival in patients with bladder, colorectal, and gastric cancers (9-11).

  1. Registre, M. et al. (2004) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 320, 1316-22.
  2. Shimizu, K. et al. (1999) FEBS Lett 456, 295-300.
  3. Ponting, C.P. (2000) Biochem J 351 Pt 2, 527-35.
  4. Meusser, B. et al. (2005) Nat Cell Biol 7, 766-72.
  5. Song, B.L. et al. (2005) Mol Cell 19, 829-40.
  6. Lee, J.N. et al. (2006) J Biol Chem 281, 39308-15.
  7. Liang, J.S. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 23984-8.
  8. Tsai, Y.C. et al. (2007) Nat Med 13, 1504-9.
  9. Hirono, Y. et al. (1996) Br J Cancer 74, 2003-7.
  10. Nakamori, S. et al. (1994) Cancer 74, 1855-62.
  11. Otto, T. et al. (1997) Am J Pathol 150, 1919-23.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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