Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Protein Stability

UBE2S Antibody #9630

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP H M R Mk (B) (Dg) (Hr) Endogenous 26 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  B=Bovine  Dg=Dog  Hr=Horse
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

UBE2S Antibody recognizes endogenous levels of total UBE2S protein.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the amino terminus of human UBE2S protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from various cell lines using UBE2S Antibody.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of extracts from 293T cells, either mock transfected (-) or transfected with a Myc/DDK-tagged cDNA expression construct encoding full-length human UBE2S (hUBE2S-Myc/DDK, +), using UBE2S Antibody.

Background

Protein ubiquitination requires the concerted action of the E1, E2, and E3 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Ubiquitin is first activated through ATP-dependent formation of a thiol ester with ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1. The activated ubiquitin is then transferred to a thiol group of ubiquitin-carrier enzyme E2. The final step is the transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to an ε-amino group of the target protein lysine residue, which is mediated by ubiquitin-ligase enzyme E3 (1).

The human anaphase promoting complex (APC/C) is a large macromolecular E3 ligase complex that is largely responsible for the timely progression through mitosis via the sequential targeting of cell cycle regulators for proteasomal degradation. Recent work has revealed that APC/C substrates are marked for proteasomal degradation during cell cycle progression through the covalent assembly of Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains, which occurs through a priming phase and elongation phase (2-5). The APC/C utilizes, in part, the UBE2C/UBCH10 E2 enzyme to prime substrates for degradation through the covalent attachment of short Lys11-linked chains (3,6). The Lys11-specific elongating E2 enzyme, UBE2S/E2-EPF, extends these short chains into long Lys11-linked ubiquitin chains on APC/C bound substrates (2,3,7).In addition to the well-established biochemical role for UBE2S in cell cycle regulation, this enzyme has been shown to be overexpressed in many types of human cancer (8) and has also been implicated in hypoxia signaling (9,10). Indeed, UBE2S has been reported to associate with VHL and to target it for proteasomal degradation, thereby stabilizing HIF-1α (9).

  1. Hershko, A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15237-15240.
  2. Williamson, A. et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 18213-8.
  3. Jin, L. et al. (2008) Cell 133, 653-65.
  4. Wu, T. et al. (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107, 1355-60.
  5. Song, L. and Rape, M. (2010) Mol Cell 38, 369-82.
  6. Summers, M.K. et al. (2008) Mol Cell 31, 544-56.
  7. Wickliffe, K.E. et al. (2011) Cell 144, 769-81.
  8. Tedesco, D. et al. (2007) Neoplasia 9, 601-13.
  9. Jung, C.R. et al. (2006) Nat Med 12, 809-16.
  10. Roos, F.C. et al. (2011) Am J Pathol 178, 853-60.

Application References

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Companion Products

For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.

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