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Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) Antibody #9721

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Applications	Reactivity	Sensitivity	MW (kDa)	Source
W	H M R Mk Dm	Endogenous	38	Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  Dm=D. melanogaster
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

9721:

Western Blotting

Specificity / Sensitivity

Phospho-eIF2alpha (Ser51) Antibody detects endogenous eIF2alpha only when phosphorylated at Ser51. The antibody does not recognize elF2alpha phosphorylated at other sites.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser51 of human eIF2alpha. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Background

Phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α subunit is a well-documented mechanism to downregulate protein synthesis under a variety of stress conditions. eIF2 binds GTP and Met-tRNAi and transfers Met-tRNA to the 40S subunit to form the 43S preinitiation complex (1,2). eIF2 promotes a new round of translation initiation by exchanging GDP for GTP, a reaction catalyzed by eIF2B (1,2). Kinases that are activated by viral infection (PKR), endoplasmic reticulum stress (PERK/PEK), amino acid deprivation (GCN2), or heme deficiency (HRI) can phosphorylate the α subunit of eIF2 (3,4). This phosphorylation stabilizes the eIF2-GDP-eIF2B complex and inhibits the turnover of eIF2B. Induction of PKR by IFN-γ and TNF-α induces potent phosphorylation of eIF2α at Ser51 (5,6).

1. Kimball, S.R. (1999) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 31, 25-29.
2. De Haro, C. et al. (1996) FASEB J. 10, 1378-1387.
3. Kaufman, R.J. (1999) Genes Dev. 13, 1211-1233.
4. Sheikh, M.S. and Fornace Jr., A.J. (1999) Oncogene 18, 6121-6128.
5. Cheshire, J.L. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4801-4806.
6. Zamanian-Daryoush, M. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 1278-1290.

Application References

• Williams, D. D. et al. (2000) Characterization of the initiation factor eIF2B and its regulation in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 3733-3742. Applications: Western Blot
• Koumenis, C. et al. (2002) Regulation of protein synthesis by hypoxia via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum kinase PERK and phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Mol Cell Biol 22, 7405-7416. Applications: Western Blotting
• Li, W. et al. (2004) Mutations linked to leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter impair the function of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B complex in diverse ways. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 3295-3306. Applications: Western Blotting
• Connor, J. H. et al. (2001) Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 assembles a novel signaling complex containing protein phosphatase 1 and inhibitor 1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21, 6841-6850. Applications: Western Blot
• Chen, H.J. et al. (2010) J Biol Chem 285, 40266-81. Applications: Western Blotting

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Companion Products

• 3597 Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (119A11) Rabbit mAb
• 2103 eIF2α (L57A5) Mouse mAb
• 9722 eIF2α Antibody
• 9918 Translational Control Antibody Sampler Kit
• 3595 eIF2B-ε Antibody
• 3302 GCN2 Antibody
• 1221 Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) Blocking Peptide
• 7071 Phototope^®-HRP Western Blot Detection System, Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
• 7074 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
• 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
• 7727 Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack
• 7003 20X LumiGLO^® Reagent and 20X Peroxide

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For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.