Cell Signaling Technology

Product Pathways - Chromatin Regulation / Epigenetics

Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Antibody #9727

Applications Reactivity Sensitivity MW (kDa) Source
W IP IHC-P IF-IC ChIP H M R Mk (X) (Z) Endogenous 17 Rabbit

Applications Key:  W=Western Blotting  IP=Immunoprecipitation  IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)  IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)  ChIP=Chromatin IP
Reactivity Key:  H=Human  M=Mouse  R=Rat  Mk=Monkey  X=Xenopus  Z=Zebrafish
Species cross-reactivity is determined by western blot. Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.

Protocols

Specificity / Sensitivity

Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Antibody detects endogenous levels of histone H3 when tri-methylated on Lys4. This antibody shows some cross-reactivity with histone H3 that is di-methylated on Lys4, but does not cross-react with non-methylated or mono-methylated histone H3 Lys4. In addition, the antibody does not cross-react with methylated histone H3 Lys9, Lys27, Lys36 or methylated histone H4 Lys20.

Source / Purification

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the amino terminus of histone H3 in which lysine 4 is tri-methylated. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.

Western Blotting

Western Blotting

Western blot analysis of lysates from HeLa, NIH/3T3, C6 and COS cells, using Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) antibody.

IHC-P (paraffin)

IHC-P (paraffin)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma, using Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Antibody.

IF-IC

IF-IC

Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of NIH/3T3 cells labeled with Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Antibody (green, left) compared to an isotype control (right). Actin filaments have been labeled with Alexa Fluor® 555 phalloidin (red).


ELISA

ELISA

Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Antibody specificity was determined by peptide ELISA. Each graph depicts a titration of this antibody and the corresponding reactivity toward the non-methyl, mono-methyl, di-methyl and tri-methyl states of the indicated histone H3 or H4 lysine residue.

Chromatin IP

Chromatin IP

Chromatin immunoprecipitations were performed with cross-linked chromatin from 4 x 106 HeLa cells and either 5 μl of Tri-Methyl-Histone H3 (Lys4) Antibody or 2 μl of Normal Rabbit IgG #2729, using SimpleChIP® Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads) #9003. The enriched DNA was quantified by Real-Time PCR, using SimpleChIP® Human GAPDH Exon 1 Primers #5516, SimpleChIP® Human RPL30 Exon 3 Primers #7014, SimpleChIP® Human MyoD1 Exon 1 Primers #4490, and SimpleChIP® Human α Satellite Repeat Primers #4486. The amount of immunoprecipitated DNA in each sample is represented as signal relative to the total amount of input chromatin, which is equivalent to one.

Background

The nucleosome, made up of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4), is the primary building block of chromatin. Originally thought to function as a static scaffold for DNA packaging, histones have now been shown to be dynamic proteins, undergoing multiple types of post-translational modifications, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and ubiquitination (1). Histone methylation is a major determinant for the formation of active and inactive regions of the genome and is crucial for the proper programming of the genome during development (2,3). Arginine methylation of histones H3 (Arg2, 17, 26) and H4 (Arg3) promotes transcriptional activation and is mediated by a family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), including the co-activators PRMT1 and CARM1 (PRMT4) (4). In contrast, a more diverse set of histone lysine methyltransferases has been identified, all but one of which contain a conserved catalytic SET domain originally identified in the Drosophila Su(var)3-9, Enhancer of zeste, and Trithorax proteins. Lysine methylation occurs primarily on histones H3 (Lys4, 9, 27, 36, 79) and H4 (Lys20) and has been implicated in both transcriptional activation and silencing (4). Methylation of these lysine residues coordinates the recruitment of chromatin modifying enzymes containing methyl-lysine binding modules such as chromodomains (HP1, PRC1), PHD fingers (BPTF, ING2), tudor domains (53BP1), and WD-40 domains (WDR5) (5-8). The discovery of histone demethylases such as PADI4, LSD1, JMJD1, JMJD2, and JHDM1 has shown that methylation is a reversible epigenetic marker (9).

  1. Peterson, C.L. and Laniel, M.A. (2004) Curr. Biol. 14, R546-R551.
  2. Kubicek, S. et al. (2006) Ernst Schering Res. Found Workshop, 1-27.
  3. Lin, W. and Dent, S.Y. (2006) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 16, 137-142.
  4. Lee, D.Y. et al. (2005) Endocr. Rev. 26, 147-170.
  5. Daniel, J.A. et al. (2005) Cell Cycle 4, 919-926.
  6. Shi, X. et al. (2006) Nature 442, 96-99.
  7. Wysocka, J. et al. (2006) Nature 442, 86-90.
  8. Wysocka, J. et al. (2005) Cell 121, 859-872.
  9. Trojer, P. and Reinberg, D. (2006) Cell 125, 213-217.

Application References

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