Product Pathways - DNA Damage
DNA Damage Antibody Sampler Kit #9947
| Kit Includes | Quantity | Applications | Reactivity | MW (kDa) | Isotype |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phospho-ATR (Ser428) Antibody #2853 | 40 µl | W | H M R Mk | 300 | Rabbit |
| Phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1524) Antibody #9009 | 40 µl | W | H | 220 | Rabbit |
| Phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) (133D3) Rabbit mAb #2348 | 40 µl | W IF-IC F | H M R Mk | 56 | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) Antibody #2661 | 40 µl | W IP IF-IC F | H Mk | 62 | Rabbit |
| Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) (20E3) Rabbit mAb #9718 | 40 µl | W IHC-P IF-IC F | H M R Mk | 15 | Rabbit IgG |
| Phospho-p53 (Ser15) (16G8) Mouse mAb #9286 | 40 µl | W IF-IC F | H | 53 | Mouse IgG1 |
| Phospho-ATM (Ser1981) (D6H9) Rabbit mAb #5883 | 40 µl | W | H (Mk) (B) (Pg) (Hr) | 350 | Rabbit IgG |
| Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody #7074 | 100 µl | Goat | |||
| Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked Antibody #7076 | 100 µl | Horse |
Applications Key:
W=Western Blotting
IP=Immunoprecipitation
IHC-P=Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin)
IF-IC=Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)
F=Flow Cytometry
Reactivity Key:
H=Human
M=Mouse
R=Rat
Mk=Monkey
B=Bovine
Pg=Pig
Hr=Horse
Species enclosed in parentheses are predicted to react based on 100% sequence homology.
Specificity / Sensitivity
All antibodies in the DNA Damage Antibody Sampler Kit recognize their targets proteins only when modified at the indicated site.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa, COS, NIH/3T3 and C6 cells, untreated or UV-treated, using Phospho-Chk1 (Ser345) (133D30) Rabbit mAb #2348.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, untreated, UV-treated or doxorubicin-treated (0.5 µM), using Phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) Antibody #2661.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of Raw264.7, SV-T2 and HT-29 cells, untreated or UV-treated (50 mJ, 30 min), using Phospho-ATR (Ser428) Antibody #2853. λ phosphatase was used to demonstrate the phospho-specificity of the antibody.
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, untreated or UV-treated (100 mJ, 4 hr recovery), using Phospho-ATM (Ser1981) (D6H9) Rabbit mAb #5883 (upper) or ATM (D2E2) Rabbit mAb #2873 (lower).
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from HeLa cells and HT-1376 cells, untreated and UV-treated (50 mJ/cm2, 30 min), using Phospho-BRCA1 (Ser1524) Antibody #9009 (upper) and BRCA1 Antibody #9010 (lower).
Western Blotting
Western blot analysis of extracts from MvlLu cells, untreated, hydroxyurea-treated (20 mM) or UV-treated, using Phospho-p53 (Ser15) (16G8) Mouse mAb #9286.
Description
This kit provides an economical means to analyze major signaling checkpoints in response to DNA damage. The kit contains primary and secondary antibodies to perform four Western blots with each antibody.
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser428 of human ATR; Ser1524 of human BRCA1; or Thr68 of human Chk2. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography. Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic phosphopeptide corresponding to residues surrounding Ser139 of Histone H2A.X; Ser1981 of human ATM; Ser345 of Chk1; or Ser15 of human p53.
Background
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) are PI3 Kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family members that phosphorylate multiple substrates on serine or threonine residues that are followed by a glutamine in response to DNA damage or replication blocks (1-3). p53 is phosphorylated by ATM, ATR and DNA-PK at Ser15. This phosphorylation impairs the ability of MDM2 to bind p53, promoting both the accumulation and activation of p53 in response to DNA damage (4,5). Chk1 and Chk2, downstream protein kinases of ATM/ATR, plays an important role in DNA damage checkpoint control, embryonic development and tumor suppression (6). Chk1 is phosphorylated at Ser280 and Ser296 following DNA damage. The amino-terminal domain of Chk2 contains a series of seven serine or threonine residues, including Thr68, each followed by glutamine (SQ or TQ motif). After DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR), UV irradiation or hydroxyurea treatment, Thr68 and other sites in this region become phosphorylated by ATM/ATR (7-9). The breast cancer susceptibility proteins BRCA1 and BRCA2 are frequently mutated in cases of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers and have roles in multiple processes related to DNA damage, repair, cell cycle progression, transcription, ubiquitination and apoptosis. Numerous DNA-damage induced phosphorylation sites on BRCA1 have been identified, including serine 1524, and kinases activated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, including Aurora A and CDK2, can also phosphorylate BRCA1. IR, DNA and radiometric-induced DNA damage also results in rapid phosphorylation of the histone H2A family member H2A.X at Ser139 by ATM (10,11). Within minutes following DNA damage, Ser139-phosphorylated H2A.X localizes to sites of DNA damage at subnuclear foci (12).
- Kastan, M.B. and Lim, D.S. (2000) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 1, 179-186.
- Abraham, R.T. DNA Repair (Amst) 3, 883-887.
- Shechter, D. et al. DNA Repair (Amst) 3, 901-908.
- Shieh, S.Y. et al. (1997) Cell 91, 325-334.
- Tibbetts, R.S. et al. (1999) Genes Dev. 13, 152-157.
- Martinho, R.G. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 7239-17249.
- Matsuoka, S. et al. (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 10389-10394.
- Melchionna, R. et al. (2000) Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 762-765.
- Ahn, J.Y. et al. (2000) Cancer Res. 60, 5934-5936.
- Rogakou, E.P. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5858-5868.
- Burma, S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 42462-42467.
- Rogakou, E.P. et al. (1999) J. Cell Biol. 146, 905-916.
Application References
Have you published research involving the use of our products? If so we'd love to hear about it. Please let us know!
Protocols
- 2348:
- Flow, Immunofluorescence, Western Blotting
- 2661:
- Flow, Immunofluorescence, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blotting
- 2853:
- Western Blotting
- 5883:
- Western Blotting
- 9009:
- Western Blotting
- 9286:
- Flow, Immunofluorescence, Western Blotting
- 9718:
- Flow, IHC / Paraffin, Immunofluorescence, Western Blotting
Companion Products
- 7074 Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody
- 7720 Prestained Protein Marker, Broad Range (Premixed Format)
- 7727 Biotinylated Protein Ladder Detection Pack
- 7003 20X LumiGLO® Reagent and 20X Peroxide
- 8342 UV Induced DNA Damage Response Antibody Sampler Kit
- 8344 MRN Complex Antibody Sampler Kit
- 9786 Mismatch Repair Antibody Sampler Kit
- 9931 Phospho-Chk1/2 Antibody Sampler Kit
- 9919 Phospho-p53 Antibody Sampler Kit
- 9917 Cell Cycle/Checkpoint Antibody Sampler Kit
US Patent No. 7,906,297 and foreign equivalents assigned to Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
For Research Use Only. Not For Use In Diagnostic Procedures.